
Wear-Resistant Alloys yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tsim los tiv thaiv qhov degradation thiab cov khoom poob los ntawm kev siv tshuab. Qhov kev hnav no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj (scraping), erosion (kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom), adhesion (galling thiab seizing), thiab cuam tshuam.
Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txuas lub neej kev pabcuam ntawm cov cuab yeej siv khoom lag luam, txo qis sijhawm, thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev xav tau ib puag ncig.
Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Hnav Hnav
Kev hnav tsis kam tsis yog ib qho khoom siv zoo li qhov ntom ntom; Nws yog ib tug complex system cwj pwm. Tus yuam sij rau cov khoom hnav tsis kam yog nyob rau hauv nws lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv cov yas deformation thiab tawg. Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm:
High Hardness: Resistant penetration thiab abrasion los ntawm cov khoom tawv.
Ua Haujlwm Hardening: Lub peev xwm los ua nyuaj thiab tawv dua ntawm qhov chaw thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog kev ntxhov siab (piv txwv li, Hadfield manganese steel).
Toughness: Resistant chipping, cracking, thiab spalling nyob rau hauv tej yam loads.
Microstructure: Lub xub ntiag ntawm hard carbides (piv txwv li, chromium, tungsten, vanadium carbides) embedded nyob rau hauv ib tug tawv hlau matrix yog ib tug zoo feature.
Wear-resistant alloys feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov hlau ferrous (hlau thiab hlau) lossis cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, txhua qhov tsim nyog rau cov txheej txheem hnav tshwj xeeb.
| Alloy Hom / Base | Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb | Cov Qib / Piv txwv | Cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb |
| Martensitic Steels | High hardness thiab zoo zog; ua tiav los ntawm kev kho cua sov (quenching & tempering). | AR400, AR500, 4140, 4340 | Mining thoob, crusher liners, bulldozer hniav, hnav daim hlau. |
| Austenitic Manganese hlau | "Hadfield Steel". Muaj zog heev thiab ua haujlwm hnyav. Thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam, nws qhov hardness saum npoo nce ntau heev thaum lub hauv paus tseem tawv. | A128 Qib C, MN13, MN18 | Lub puab tsaig crusher liner, railway qav, pob zeb laum khoom, crawler lem. |
| High-Chromium Dawb Cam khwb cia hlau | Exceptional abrasion kuj vim muaj qhov ntim siab ntawm cov tawv chromium carbides. Yuav nkig nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam. | Ni-Hard, A532 | Slurry twj tso kua mis casings, zeb liners, pulverizer yob, txhaj tshuaj blasting khoom. |
| Carbide Composites | Tsis yog monolithic alloy, tab sis ib qho tseem ceeb hnav-tiv taus cov khoom. Hard tungsten carbide particles embedded nyob rau hauv ib tug tawv hlau matrix (xws li cobalt los yog npib tsib xee). | Tungsten Carbide-Composites, Stellite (Cobalt-raws li) | Hardfacing xov hlau, hnav daim hlau, txiav cov cuab yeej, laum khoom, lub rooj zaum valve. |
| Cobalt-raws li alloys | Kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev hnav, corrosion, thiab kub kub (liab-hardness). | Stellite, Haynes alloys | Gas turbine blades, high-temperature li qub, pom cov lus qhia, cav Cheebtsam. |
| Nickel-raws li Alloys | Zoo ib yam li cobalt alloys, muab zoo hnav thiab corrosion kuj, feem ntau siv qhov twg cobalt tsis haum. | Inconel, Colmonoy | Cov khoom siv tshuaj ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv hauv aerospace, hardfacing overlays. |
Cov alloys no tsis yog siv los ua tag nrho cov khoom. Lawv feem ntau siv rau hauv cov txiaj ntsig zoo los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hauv paus:
Cast Components: Qhov (zoo li lub twj tso kua mis) yog tag nrho nrum los ntawm hnav-resistant alloy.
Hnav cov phaj: Cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov hlau tawv tawv (xws li AR400) yog bolted lossis welded rau ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj zog.
Hardfacing / Cladding: Ib txheej ntawm hnav-resistant alloy yog welded los yog fused rau saum npoo ntawm ib tug pheej yig dua, tougher puag hlau. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev thiab kev lag luam.
Thermal Spray: Ib txheej ntawm cov hlau yog txau rau saum npoo los tsim cov txheej hnav-tiv taus.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, Wear-Resistant Alloys yog ib tsev neeg sib txawv thiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim cov caj qaum ntawm kev lag luam hnyav. Kev xaiv ntawm cov alloy tsim nyog nyob ntawm qhov kev nkag siab meej ntawm kev hnav lub cev (kev puas tsuaj, kev cuam tshuam, thiab lwm yam), qhov chaw ua haujlwm (xws li kub thiab corrosion), thiab kev xav txog nyiaj txiag.