
Ma Wear-Resistant Alloys ndi gulu la zida zopangidwira makamaka kuti zisawonongeke komanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kuvala kwamakina. Kuvala uku kumatha chifukwa cha abrasion (kukanda), kukokoloka (kukhudzidwa ndi tinthu tating'ono), kumamatira (kugunda ndi kulanda), ndi kukhudza.
Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa zida zamafakitale, kuchepetsa nthawi yopumira, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito m'malo ovuta.
Sayansi ya Wear Resistance
Kukana kuvala si chinthu chimodzi chokha ngati kachulukidwe; ndizovuta machitidwe machitidwe. Chinsinsi cha kukana kuvala kwa chinthu chagona pakutha kwake kukana kupunduka kwa pulasitiki ndi kuthyoka. Izi zimatheka makamaka kudzera:
Kulimba Kwambiri: Imakana kulowa ndi kuyabwa ndi tinthu tolimba.
Kulimbitsa ntchito: Kutha kukhala olimba komanso olimba pamwamba pamene akhudzidwa kapena kupsinjika (mwachitsanzo, Hadfield manganese chitsulo).
Kulimba: Imalimbana ndi kuthyola, kusweka, ndi kupatuka pansi pa katundu wokhudzidwa.
Microstructure: Kukhalapo kwa ma carbides olimba (mwachitsanzo, chromium, tungsten, vanadium carbides) ophatikizidwa muzitsulo zolimba zachitsulo ndizofala.
Ma aloyi osamva kuvala amakhala opangidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo (chitsulo ndi chitsulo) kapena zitsulo zosakhala ndi chitsulo, chilichonse chimapangidwira mavalidwe apadera.
| Mtundu wa Alloy / Base | Makhalidwe Ofunikira | Maphunziro / Zitsanzo wamba | Mapulogalamu Oyambirira |
| Zitsulo za Martensitic | Kuuma kwakukulu ndi mphamvu zabwino; zimatheka ndi chithandizo cha kutentha (kuzimitsa & kutentha). | AR400, AR500, 4140, 4340 | Zidebe za migodi, zomangira zomangira, ma bulldoza, mbale zovala. |
| Chitsulo cha Austenitic Manganese | "Hadfield Steel". Zovuta kwambiri komanso zogwira ntchito. Pakakhudzidwa, kuuma kwake kumawonjezeka kwambiri pomwe pachimake chimakhala cholimba. | A128 Kalasi C, MN13, MN18 | Zomangira nsagwada, achule a njanji, zobowola miyala, mayendedwe okwawa. |
| High-Chromium White Cast Iron | Kukana kwapadera kwa abrasion chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma chromium carbides olimba. Zitha kukhala zosasunthika zikakhudzidwa. | Ni-Hard, A532 | Zopopera zopopera, zomangira mphero, zopukutira, zida zophulitsira. |
| Mitundu ya Carbide | Osati aloyi ya monolithic, koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chosavala. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta tungsten carbide ophatikizidwa muzitsulo zolimba zachitsulo (monga cobalt kapena faifi tambala). | Tungsten Carbide-Composites, Stellite (Cobalt-based) | Mawaya olimba, mbale zovala, zida zodulira, zobowola, mipando yamavavu. |
| Ma Aloyi Opangidwa ndi Cobalt | Kukana kwabwino kwa kuphatikiza kwa kuvala, dzimbiri, ndi kutentha kwambiri (kuuma-kuuma). | Stellite, Haynes aloyi | Mitundu yamagetsi yamagetsi, ma valve otenthetsera kwambiri, nsonga za ma saw, zida za injini. |
| Ma Aloyi Opangidwa ndi Nickel | Zofanana ndi ma aloyi a cobalt, omwe amapereka kuvala bwino komanso kukana dzimbiri, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe cobalt si yoyenera. | Inconel, Colmonoy | Zida zopangira ma Chemical, zida zam'mlengalenga, zokutira zolimba. |
Ma alloys awa sagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kupanga zigawo zonse. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zotsika mtengo kuti ateteze zinthu zoyambira:
Zida Zoyimba: Gawolo (monga posungira pampu) limaponyedwa kwathunthu kuchokera ku aloyi yosamva kuvala.
Valani mbale: Mapepala achitsulo cholimba (monga AR400) amamangidwa ndi bawuti kapena kuwotcherera pamalo osatetezeka.
Kumanga / Kumanga: Wosanjikiza wa aloyi wosamva kuvala amawotcherera kapena kulumikizidwa pamwamba pa chitsulo chotsika mtengo komanso cholimba. Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yotsika mtengo.
Thermal Spray: Chophimba cha alloy chimapopera pamwamba kuti chikhale chosakanikirana.
Mwachidule, ma Wear-Resistant Alloys ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yovuta ya zida zomwe zimapanga msana wamakampani olemera. Kusankhidwa kwa alloy yoyenera kumadalira kumvetsetsa bwino kwa makina ovala (abrasion, impact, etc.), malo ogwirira ntchito (kuphatikizapo kutentha ndi dzimbiri), ndi kulingalira zachuma.