Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo zomwe zimachitika mutakanikiza batani la "Cycle Start"? Mukasindikiza batani lobiriwira la "CYCLE START" pagawo la opaleshoni, chida cha makina chimayamba kuyenda molingana ndi pulogalamuyo. Njira yonseyi ikuwoneka ngati "zamatsenga" - koma kumbuyo kwake pali dongosolo lolimba kwambiri lomwe likugwirizana: gawo limodzi limawerenga pulogalamuyo, lina limasintha malangizo kukhala ma siginecha amagetsi, lina limayendetsa galimoto kuti lizizungulira, lina limazindikira mopitilira mayankho, ndipo lina limawongolera kuziziritsa ndi kusintha kwa zida ...
"Zigawo zina" ndi machitidwe asanu a makina a CNC. Kumvetsetsa machitidwe asanuwa sikungokhutiritsa chidwi - pamene chida cha makina chikuphwanyidwa, mukhoza kuweruza kuti vutoli ndiloti; pamene muphunzira chidziwitso chozama, mudzakhala ndi ndondomeko yomveka bwino kuti mumvetse zatsopano.
Dongosolo 1: CNC Chipangizo (CNC Controller) - "Ubongo" wa Machine Tool
(Gwero la zithunzi: Siemens) Chipangizo cha CNC ndicho maziko a chida chonse cha makina, chomwe nthawi zambiri timachitcha "CNC system" kapena CNC controller. Njira yake yogwirira ntchito ndi motere:
Kuwerenga pulogalamuyi: Werengani pulogalamu ya NC kuchokera pamtima, CF khadi kapena mawonekedwe a netiweki
Kumasulira: "Masulirani" malangizo monga G-code ndi M-code kukhala data yomwe dongosolo lingathe kukonza mkati
Mawerengedwe omasulira: Malinga ndi malangizo osuntha, werengera kuchuluka kwa olamulira aliyense akuyenera kusuntha pagawo lililonse (ichi ndiye chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri - kuwola "kuchokera pa point A mpaka point B" kukhala masitepe ang'onoang'ono osawerengeka)
Kupereka malangizo owongolera: Tumizani kuchuluka kwa kayendedwe ka olamulira aliwonse ku servo system mu mawonekedwe azizindikiro zamagetsi.
Kugwirizanitsa ntchito zothandizira: Sinthani ntchito za M-code monga liwiro la spindle, kusintha kwa zida, ndi zoziziritsa
Chipangizo cha CNC sichimangochita pulogalamuyo mosasamala, komanso chimalandira mayankho anthawi yeniyeni kuchokera kumtunda uliwonse ndikuwongolera zoyenda nthawi iliyonse. Malo opangira ntchito ndi chophimba chowonetsera chomwe mumachiwona pazida zamakina ndi mawonekedwe amunthu ndi makompyuta a chipangizo cha CNC - mumalowetsa mapulogalamu, kusintha magawo, ndikuyang'ana momwe mumalumikizirana ndi mawonekedwe awa kuti mulumikizane ndi chipangizo cha CNC.
System 2: Servo System - "Minofu" ya Machine Tool
Chipangizo cha CNC chimapereka malangizo a "X-axis imasuntha 0.001mm", koma malangizowa akuyenera kusinthidwa kukhala makina enieni a servo system. (Chithunzi: FANUC)
Dongosolo la servo lili ndi magawo awiri:
Servo Drive: Imalandila chizindikiro chowongolera chomwe chimatumizidwa ndi chipangizo cha CNC, ndikuchikulitsa, ndikuchisintha kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi yoyendetsa galimotoyo. Ndizofanana ndi "mphamvu amplifier" yolondola.
Servo Motor: Imasintha mphamvu zamagetsi kukhala zoyenda zamakina. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mota ya servo ndi mota wamba ndikuti injini ya servo ili ndi encoder yokhazikika, yomwe imatha kuwongolera ndendende ngodya yozungulira, ndipo liwiro lake loyankhira limakhala lachangu kwambiri - imatha kuyamba, kuyimitsa kapena kusintha liwiro pama milliseconds.
Zida zamakina a CNC nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi machitidwe angapo a servo:
Seva imodzi yodyetsa pa X-axis, Y-axis, ndi Z-axis: Imawongolera kayendedwe ka chida ndi ntchito
Spindle servo: Imawongolera kuthamanga kwa spindle (chida)
Cholinga cha spindle servo ndi feed servo ndi chosiyana pang'ono: chakudya cha servo chimatsata kulondola kwa malo (kuchuluka kwa kayendetsedwe kake kayenera kukhala kolondola), ndipo servo ya spindle imatsata kukhazikika kwa liwiro (liwiro liyenera kukhala lokhazikika panthawi yodula, ndipo silingasinthe chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mphamvu yodula). Pazida zamakina aaxis asanu, pali magawo awiri owonjezera a machitidwe a servo kuti aziwongolera nkhwangwa zozungulira (A/B / C nkhwangwa), ndipo patha kukhala ma seti 5 mpaka 6 a servos omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi imodzi.
Dongosolo Lachitatu: Thupi Lamakina Lamakina - Chigoba ndi Zolumikizira
Magalimoto a servo amatulutsa kusuntha kozungulira, koma chida cha makina chimagwira ntchito mozungulira komanso mozungulira chidacho. Ndikofunikira kuti mutembenuzire kuzungulira kwagalimoto kukhala kusuntha kolondola kwa mbali zosiyanasiyana zamakina, zomwe zimadalira thupi lamakina. Zigawo zikuluzikulu za makina thupi:
Bedi / Frame: Mapangidwe oyambira a chida cha makina, nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo choponyedwa kapena mbale yachitsulo. Bedi labwino limakhala lolimba kwambiri komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwabwino, chomwe ndi maziko owonetsetsa kuti kukonza kulondola. (Makina a mizere iwiri ndi imodzi yolimba ya atatu-axis)
Linear Guide / Way: "Njira" yomwe imatsogolera mutu wogwirira ntchito ndi wozungulira kuti usunthire mbali inayake. Malo opangira makina amakono nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mizera yozungulira, yomwe imakhala ndi mikangano yaying'ono, yolondola kwambiri komanso kuyankha mwachangu. Zida zamakina zolondola kwambiri zidzagwiritsa ntchito maupangiri a hydrostatic okhala ndi mikangano pafupifupi zero.
Mpira Screw: Gawo loyambira lomwe limasintha kusuntha kwa injini ya servo kupita kumayendedwe amzere a tebulo logwirira ntchito. Zomangira za mpira zimapatsira mphamvu kudzera mukugudubuzika kwa mipira yachitsulo yamkati, yokhala ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo imatha kukwaniritsa kuyika bwino pamlingo wa micron.
Spindle: Chigawo chapakati chomwe chimatchinga chida ndikuzungulira mwachangu. Kulondola (kuthamanga) kwa spindle kumakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwa kukonza, ndipo kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa spindle kumatsimikizira kuthamanga komwe mungathe kukonza. Ma spindles othamanga kwambiri amatha kufika 40,000 rpm kapena kupitilira apo. (Chithunzi: Luoyi)
Dongosolo 4: Njira Yodziwira ndi Kuyankha - Maso a Loop Control Control
Iyi ndi dongosolo lovuta kwambiri lomwe oyamba kumene sadziwa zambiri. Dongosolo la CNC limauza injini ya servo "kutembenuza 10", koma imadziwa bwanji kuti injiniyo yazunguliradi matembenuzidwe 10? Kodi chida chasunthadi mtunda womwe mwapempha? Zimadalira njira yodziwira ndi kuyankha, yomwe ntchito yake ndi kuyeza malo enieni mu nthawi yeniyeni ndikubwezeretsanso ku chipangizo cha CNC, kulola kuti dongosololi lizikonza zokha zolakwikazo malinga ndi zolakwika.
Kuzungulira uku kwa "kutulutsa malangizo → kuchita → kuzindikira zofunikira zenizeni → kufananiza zopotoka → kukonza malangizo" kumatchedwa kuwongolera kotseka, komwe ndi njira yayikulu yowonetsetsa kuti CNC ikulondola.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira:
Rotary Encoder: Yoyikidwa pa shaft ya servo motor kuti muwone mbali yozungulira ya mota. Popeza imazindikira malekezero a mota m'malo mogwira ntchito, pamakhala zolakwika monga zomangira zotanuka, zomwe zimakhala zowongolera-zotsekeka. Malo ambiri opangira makina amatengera chiwembu ichi, ndipo kulondola kwa malo nthawi zambiri kumakhala ± 0.005 ~ 0.01mm.
Linear Scale: Yoyikidwa molunjika pafupi ndi njanji yowongolera zida zamakina kuti muyeze kusuntha kwenikweni kwa tebulo logwirira ntchito. Chifukwa imayesa mwachindunji malo ogwirira ntchito, imachotsa zolakwika pamalumikizidwe opatsirana monga wononga mpira, wokhala ndi kuwongolera kotsekedwa kwathunthu ndi kulondola kwambiri (mpaka ± 0.001mm). Zida zamakina zolondola kwambiri komanso zida zamakina zolondola kwambiri za ma axis asanu nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi masikelo amzere. (RENISHAW mzere wa mzere)
Dongosolo 5: Njira Yothandizira Yothandizira - Kuthandizira Chida cha Makina "Kugwira Ntchito"
Machitidwe anayi oyambirira pamodzi amatsimikizira kuti chidacho chikhoza kuyenda bwino. Koma kuti mutsirize kukonzanso, mndandanda wa ntchito zothandizira ndizofunikira:
Automatic Tool Changer (ATC): Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pamakina opangira makina. Magazini yachida imasunga zida zingapo, ndipo wowongolera amangomaliza ntchito yonse panthawi yosintha zida, nthawi zambiri zimangotenga masekondi angapo. Kuchuluka kwa magazini ya chida kumayambira 8 mpaka zida zopitilira 100.
Njira Yozizira: Kutentha kwakukulu kumapangidwa pakati pa chida ndi chogwirira ntchito panthawi yokonza. Chozizira chimakhala ndi ntchito yoziziritsa, yopaka mafuta ndi kuchotsa chip. Njira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo kuzirala kwakunja, kuziziritsa kwamkati (kupopera mbewu mwachindunji kudera lodulira kudzera pabowo la spindle ndi chida chapakati), etc.
Pneumatic/Hydraulic System: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zomwe zimafuna mphamvu yayikulu monga kumangirira zogwirira ntchito, kusintha kwa zida, ndi kutulutsa zida za spindle.
PLC (Programmable Logic Controller): Chipangizo cha CNC chimangoyendetsa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. PLC ndi chipangizo cha CNC zimagwirizana kupanga dongosolo lathunthu lowongolera zida zamakina.
Kuyenda kwa Signal kwa Five Core Systems (Mvetsetsani Mwachidule)
Njira yogwirira ntchito ya dongosolo lonse imatha kumveka ndi unyolo wazizindikiro: izi ndizo zonse zomwe zimachitika mutatha "kukankhira kuyambika kwa kuzungulira", ndondomeko yolondola yotsekedwa yomwe imabwereza maulendo masauzande pamphindikati.
Chiyambi cha Mainstream CNC System Brands
Titamvetsetsa udindo wa chipangizo cha CNC, tiyeni tidziwe mitundu yayikulu pamsika:
FANUC: Mtundu waku Japan womwe uli ndi msika waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'mafakitale apanyumba. Dongosololi ndi lokhazikika komanso lodalirika, lokhala ndi chilengedwe chonse chaukadaulo, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho choyamba pakuphunzira pamlingo wolowera (zitsanzo zantchito zotsatizanazi zingoyang'ana kwambiri FANUC).
Siemens SINUMERIK: Mtundu waku Germany, kasinthidwe kofala kwa zida zamakina aku Europe. SINUMERIK ONE ndi makina apamwamba oyika zida zopangira makina okhala ndi ntchito zamphamvu komanso kuthandizira kwabwino kwa ma axis asanu, koma njira yophunzirira ndi yotsetsereka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yamagalimoto apanyumba komanso ndege.
Heidenhain TNC: Mtundu waku Germany womwe umayang'ana kwambiri malo opangira mphero, omwe ali ndi chithandizo chowongolera bwino cha ma axis asanu, komanso mbiri yayikulu muzamlengalenga ndi minda yolondola ya nkhungu.
Mitundu yakunyumba yakula mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo oyimira akulu ndi awa:
| Mtundu | Kampani Yogwirizana | Ubwino Waikulu | Positioning Market | Thandizo la Axis Asanu |
| Mtundu wa Huazhong 9 | Huazhong CNC | CPU yapakhomo, yodziyimira payokha komanso yosinthika | Mapeto apakati mpaka otsika, olowa m'nyumba | General |
| GSK | Guangzhou CNC | Ubwino wamtengo, zida zonse zothandizira | Zida zamakina azachuma | General |
| Chithunzi cha GNC62 | Ndi CNC | Kulumikizana kwa ma axis asanu ndikusintha kophatikizana kwa mphero | Msika wapakatikati mpaka wapamwamba | Zabwino |
| Syntec | Malingaliro a kampani Syntec Technology | Kugwirizana kwamphamvu kwa CAM, mawonekedwe osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito | Pakati-kumapeto, kukula mofulumira m'munda wa ma axis asanu | Zabwino |
Kuyikira Kwambiri: Syntec System — The Main Force of Domestic Five-Axis
Pakati pa makina ambiri apakhomo a CNC, Syntec yachita bwino kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa ndipo yakhala imodzi mwamakina omwe ali ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri zamakina apanyumba.
Ubwino waukulu wa Syntec ndi: kuyanjana kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa pulogalamu ya CAM, kuthandizira kutulutsa kwapambuyo kwa pafupifupi mapulogalamu onse a CAM; G-code kwenikweni imagwirizana ndi machitidwe a FANUC CNC, mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito ndi osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito kwa oyamba kumene, ndipo mtengo wophunzirira ndi wotsika kuposa wa machitidwe achikhalidwe aku Europe ndi America; panthawi imodzimodziyo, imagwira ntchito mokhazikika muzinthu zazikulu monga RTCP ya RTCP ndi chida chowongolera, chomwe ndi chifukwa chofunikira chomwe ambiri opanga makina opangira makina asanu amasankha Syntec ngati dongosolo lokonzekera.
Ngati inu kapena kampani yanu mukukonzekera kugula zida zamakina zapanyumba zokhala ndi ma axis asanu, kapena mukufuna kumvetsetsa momwe machitidwe apakhomo akuyendera, mutha kulabadira dongosolo la Syntec, lomwe lilinso ndi zida zambiri zophunzirira pa intaneti. M'zitsanzo zotsatizana za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mndandanda uno, tilingaliranso kuwonjezera zitsanzo za kachitidwe ka Syntec.
Chidule cha Nkhaniyi
· CNC Chipangizo: Ubongo, womwe umawerenga mapulogalamu, umapanga mawerengedwe otanthauzira, ndikupereka malangizo oyenda
· Servo System: Minofu, yomwe imayendetsa kusuntha kolondola kwa axis motor iliyonse
· Thupi Lamakina: Mafupa, kuphatikiza bedi, njanji yowongolera, zomangira za mpira, ndi zopota
#CNCMachineTools #CNCCoreSystems #FANUCSiemens #FiveAxisMachining #SyntecSystem #CNCTechnology #CNCMachining
