Mumawononga maola masauzande ambiri ndi mamiliyoni a madola kupanga zomanga za silicon zopanda chilema, koma ngati nyumbayo ikalephera, gawo lonselo ndilachabechabe. Chotchinga pakati pa ubongo wamagetsi wogwira ntchito ndi chidutswa cha silicon chophwanyika ndi encapsulation. Bukuli limaphwanya dziko lovuta lazopaka zamakono zamakono. Ndikoyenera kuwerenga chifukwa kumvetsetsa zida zenizeni, mphamvu zamatenthedwe, komanso kupsinjika kwamakina komwe kumakhudzidwa poteteza silicon kumathandizira kwambiri zokolola zanu. Kaya mukuyang'anira chingwe cholumikizira champhamvu kwambiri kapena mukuyang'ana zida zolondola zopangira makinawo, kudziwa mfundo zazikuluzikuluzi kumakupulumutsirani nthawi, kuchepetsa zodula, ndikukupatsani mwayi wampikisano wamsika.
Kodi phukusi la ic ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani encapsulation imakhala yofunika mumakampani a semiconductor?
M'malo mwake, a ic paketi ndi zida zodzitetezera zomwe zimazungulira chidutswa chosalimba cha silicon. Popanda chigawo chofunikira choteteza ichi, chopanda kanthu chip angagonjere nthawi yomweyo ku zoopsa zachilengedwe monga chinyezi, fumbi, ndi kuwononga thupi. Cholinga choyambirira cha encapsulation ndi kusindikiza kwathunthu zolimba zamkati kuchokera kunja. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti gawoli lizigwira ntchito modalirika kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale litayikidwa m'chipinda cha seva choyendetsedwa ndi nyengo kapena pansi pagalimoto yagalimoto yonjenjemera.
M'dziko lapansi makampani a semiconductor, nyumba zakuthupi zimagwiranso ntchito ngati mlatho wovuta. Imasintha malo olumikizirana ndi silicon kukhala chokulirapo, chokhazikika chomwe chimatha kugulitsidwa pa pcb (gulu losindikizidwa lozungulira). Izi zikutanthauza osankhidwa mtundu wa phukusi imatchula mwachindunji momwe chigawocho chikugwirizanirana ndi chinthu chomaliza. Nyumba yosasankhidwa bwino imatha kuyambitsa kutentha kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa ma sign, kapena kulephera kwamakina panthawi yogwira ntchito.
The ukadaulo wopanga kuseri kwa ndondomekoyi ndizodabwitsa. Tikutenga chinthu chosalimba ngati chigoba cha dzira ndikuchiyika muzinthu zopanga miyala zolimba. Masiku ano, zigawo zomwe mumaziwona pa bolodi ndizo pamwamba phiri zipangizo. Kaya kuchita ndi yosavuta smd chigawo kapena purosesa yovuta yamitundu yambiri, mfundo yomweyi imagwiranso ntchito: chipolopolo chakunja chiyenera kukhala changwiro.
Kodi zoyikapo zimateteza bwanji chip chofewa kuti chisawonongeke?
Ulendo wochoka pachinthu chopanda kanthu cha silicon kupita ku chinthu chomalizidwa, chokwera ndizovuta kwambiri. Zamakono kupanga ndondomeko amagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono kuti atsimikizire kudalirika kotheratu. Chimodzi mwa zovuta kwambiri ma CD ndondomeko kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa malumikizidwe amagetsi kusindikiza komaliza kusanachitike. Mwachitsanzo, mu advanced msonkhano wa flip-chip, malo ogwirira ntchito a silicon amapindidwa mozondoka. Imalumikizana mwachindunji ndi kapangidwe kameneka pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zazing'ono.
Izi mwachindunji chipwirikiti kuyandikira kwambiri kumachepetsa mtunda womwe chizindikiro chamagetsi chiyenera kuyenda. Amapereka ntchito zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi. Komabe, izi ndi microscopic solder zotupa zimafuna chitetezo champhamvu. Kamodzi ndi kulumikizana atapangidwa bwino, msonkhano wonse uyenera kutsekedwa bwino. Zida zodzitetezera zimayendayenda mozungulira timagulu ting'onoting'ono tating'ono, kupereka chithandizo cholimba cha makina ndikuwateteza kuti asaphwanyike ndi kupsinjika maganizo.
Kukwaniritsa mulingo woterewu kumafunikira zida zolondola kwambiri. Zoumba zachitsulo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chipolopolo chomaliza choteteza ziyenera kupangidwa kuti zizitha kupirira. Popanga zitsulo zolemerazi, opanga zida amadalira luso lapamwambaCarbide Drills kudula mwaukhondo ngalande zozirira ndi madoko ojambulira popanda kusiya ma burrs omwe amatha kusokoneza kutuluka kwamadzi kwa mapulasitiki oteteza.
Kodi epoxy mold compound ndi chifukwa chiyani imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri?
Tikamalankhula za pulasitiki yakuda ya microchip yokhazikika, timakhala tikulankhula za epoxy nkhungu. Nkhaniyi ndi yapadera thermoset pulasitiki. Mosiyana ndi mapulasitiki a tsiku ndi tsiku omwe amatha kusungunuka ndi kukonzanso, thermoset imakumana ndi mankhwala osasinthika ikatenthedwa. Ikachira, imapanga chipolopolo cholimba kwambiri, chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika.
An epoxy nkhungu kuphatikiza (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa emc) kwenikweni ndi malo ogulitsa mankhwala opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri. Muli ndi base epoxy resin, zoumitsa, ndi kuchuluka kwa silika filler. Silika ndiyofunikira chifukwa imachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakula zikatenthedwa. Izi emcs kuyimira msana weniweni wamakono pulasitiki chigawo nyumba. The zipangizo ntchito iyeneranso kukhala yabwino kwambiri dielectric katundu, kuwonetsetsa kuti amakhala ngati insulators wangwiro magetsi kuteteza mabwalo amkati mkati.
"Kusasinthika kwanu kuumba zinthu zimatengera mwachindunji kusasinthika kwa chinthu chanu chomaliza. Pakupanga zinthu zambiri, kuneneratu kumakhala kopindulitsa. ”
Kodi kuumba kumalumikizana bwanji ndi gawo lapansi ndi kulumikizana?
Pa gawo lenileni la jekeseni, kutentha, viscous kuumba gulu amakakamizika kulowa m'bowo lachitsulo mopanikizika kwambiri. Iyenera kuyenda bwino pamwamba pa silicon wosakhwima ndi pansi gawo lapansi. Iyi ndi njira yachiwawa. Ngati mphamvu zamadzimadzi sizikuyendetsedwa bwino, madzi othamanga amatha kusesa mawaya ang'onoang'ono agolide omwe amapanga kulumikizana.
Kuphatikiza apo, madzimadziwo ayenera kudzaza ma microscopic aliwonse pakamwa mkati mwa nkhungu. Mpweya uliwonse umene watsekeredwa umapanga malo opanda kanthu. Kusowa kamodzi kumatengedwa ngati tsoka chilema. Ngati chinyezi chichulukana mkati mwa chopanda kanthu, kutentha kwa ng'anjo yotentha yotentha kumatembenuza chinyonthocho kukhala nthunzi, ndikuwululira mbaliyo motalikirana ndi mkati (yotchedwa "popcorn effect").
Kuti izi zitheke, a mawonekedwe pakati pa pulasitiki yoteteza ndi chitsulo chotsogolera chimango chiyenera kukhala cholimba. Zoyenera kapangidwe ka gawo lapansi ali ndi gawo lalikulu pano. Mainjiniya nthawi zambiri amapanga mawonekedwe olumikizirana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zomata kuti zitsimikizire kuti pulasitiki imagwira chitsulo mosalakwitsa.
Kodi mkatewo umagwira ntchito yanji usanauzidwe?
M'mbuyomu, silicon idadulidwa muzidutswa payokha isanapake. Komabe, kukulitsa luso ndi kwaniritsa phazi, makampani adakula mtanda-pang'onopang'ono. Mwa njira zapamwambazi, chimbale chonse cha silicon chozungulira chimakonzedwa ndikusindikizidwa nthawi imodzi kusanadulidwe kulikonse.
Panthawi imeneyi, chigawo cha chitetezo chimakwirira pamwamba pa diski yosasweka. Pokhapokha ngati wosanjikiza zoteteza wachiritsidwa kwathunthu amachita ndondomeko ya singulation kuyamba. Singulation ndi njira yankhanza yodula disk yayikulu, yosindikizidwa kukhala masauzande azinthu zomaliza.
Kudula kumeneku ndikovuta kwambiri chifukwa tsamba la macheka liyenera kudula silicon yolimba komanso pulasitiki yodzaza ndi silika nthawi imodzi. Zimafunika zida zodulira zolimba kwambiri komanso zokhazikika. Monga momwe makina amagwiritsira ntchito mwapadera Ndodo Zolimba za Tungsten Carbide kupirira kuvala abrasive pa CNC pansi, masamba dicing ayenera kupirira mikangano kwambiri kupewa kupukuta m'mbali wosalimba wa zigawo zatsopano.
Kodi machitidwe ngati LPKF akuyendetsa laser processing ndi kupanga patsogolo?
Monga kufunikira kwakukulu miniaturization limakula, miyambo makina kudula macheka kufika malire awo mtheradi thupi. Mukamapanga zida zamawotchi anzeru kapena ma implants azachipatala, tsamba lamakina limangokhala lokhuthala komanso loyipa kwambiri. Apa ndipamene machitidwe apamwamba a laser, monga omwe adachita upainiya lpkf pa, lowetsani kuti musinthe kachitidwe ka ntchito.
Laser processing tsopano ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri lamakono kupanga. M'malo mokupera zinthuzo, ma lasers apamwamba amawumitsa nthawi yomweyo epoxy nkhungu kuphatikiza ndi silicon pansi pake. Njira yoyeretsera iyi imasiya m'mphepete mwabwino kwambiri ndipo imalola kuti pakhale kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zigawo zomwe zimapangidwira.
Izi zazikulu kupita patsogolo zikutanthauza kuti zomangira zimatha kudulidwa ndi kuumbidwa mwatsatanetsatane pang'ono chabe µm (ma micrometer). Mwa kuphatikiza laser ablation yapamwamba ndi yachikhalidwe zojambula, opanga amatha kupanga mapaketi ovuta kwambiri, atatu-dimensional omwe anali zosatheka kupanga zaka khumi zapitazo.
Chifukwa chiyani ma vias ndi njira zotsogola ndizofunikira kwa ma IC okhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri?
Mapurosesa amakono sali mabwalo amodzi okha; ndizovuta, zosanjikiza zambiri zosanjikiza za data. Pamene tikunyamula ntchito zambiri mu danga limodzi, the mayendedwe mphamvu zamagetsi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri za geometric. Njira zamkati ziyenera kukhala zazifupi kwambiri kuti zisunge liwiro komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Kuti akwaniritse izi, mainjiniya amagwiritsa ntchito timabowo ting'onoting'ono, toboola pansi totchedwa kudzera. Tinjira tating'onoting'ono timeneti timakutidwa ndi a conductive zitsulo, kawirikawiri ku (mkuwa), kulumikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana za gawo lapansi kapena wamkati kugawanso gawo. The rdl kwenikweni ndi njira yaying'ono ya misewu yayikulu yomwe imalumikizanso maulumikizidwe abwino kwambiri pa silicon kufa ku mipira yayikulu yogulitsira kunja.
Izi kachulukidwe kwambiri masanjidwe ndi chofunikira kwambiri pamakompyuta amakono. Nthawi zina, kutulutsa kwachikhalidwe sikungathe kukwaniritsa mizere yoyenera. Muzochitika izi, chowonjezera njira zopangira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga pang'onopang'ono mizere yamkuwa yomwe ikufunika.
- Ma Pin Apamwamba: Tchipisi zovuta kwambiri zimafunikira kulumikizana kochulukirapo.
- Njira Zachidule za Signal: Kulumikizana koyima kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchedwa kwa ma siginecha.
- Mapazi Ochepetsedwa: Kuyang'ana kumalola kuti zing'onozing'ono zapazida zonse.
Kodi pali zovuta zotani pakukulitsa matenthedwe ndi zida zankhondo panthawi yakuumba?
Kutentha ndiye mdani wamkulu wa kupanga molondola. Pa gawo lochiritsira kwambiri kutentha, zida zonse zimakula. Vuto lalikulu limabwera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kusagwirizana mu kukulitsa kutentha mitengo pakati pa silicon yoyera kufa, chimango chotsogolera chamkuwa, ndi chipolopolo chapulasitiki.
Timayesa kukula uku pogwiritsa ntchito ma kokwanira kukula kwamafuta (kapena cte). Ngati CTE siilinganizidwa bwino, msonkhano wonse udzagwedezeka pamene umazizira mpaka kutentha. Amawerama kwenikweni ngati chipwirikiti cha mbatata. Izi tsamba la nkhondo ndizovuta kwa board assembly. Ngati chigawocho si mwangwiro lathyathyathya, ndi mgwirizano wa solder adzalephera pa nthawi ya smt (surface mount technology) njira yolumikizira.
Kuti athetse izi, mainjiniya amagwiritsa ntchito mwaukadaulo chida chopangira mapulogalamu kutengera kupsinjika kwa matenthedwe pamaso pa thupi chitsanzo imamangidwa konse. Amasintha mosamala zomwe zili mu silika filler mu epoxy nkhungu kuwonetsetsa kuti CTE yake ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi gulu lomwe lili pansi. Ndiko kulinganiza kosakhwima kwa chemistry ndi physics.
Standard ma CD njira ndi osakwanira kotheratu zofuna za 5g pa kuyankhulana ndi makina apamwamba a radar. Pamaulendo okwera kwambiri awa, nyumba yeniyeniyo imatha kusokoneza kwambiri ma wayilesi. Tiyenera kutsatira mosatopa ntchito bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera.
Za a high-frequency sensa kapena mlongoti, ndi magetsi katundu cha kuumba gulu amawunikidwa kwambiri. Ngati zinthuzo zimatenga mphamvu yamagetsi yochulukirapo, chizindikirocho chimafa. Chifukwa chake, ma resin apadera otayika pang'ono amapangidwa makamaka kuti ma siginecha othamangawa adutse popanda kuwonongeka.
Kuphatikiza apo, tikuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga patsogolo ic zomangamanga. Concepts ngati zosasinthika kugwirizanitsa ndi phukusi-pa paketi kulola kuti zida zapadera - monga kukumbukira ndi kukonza - kuti zisungidwe molunjika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti njira zamasigini zikhale zazifupi kwambiri, ndikuwonjezera kwambiri ntchito zamagetsi ndi matenthedwe. Pamene kulondola kuli kofunikira, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba ngati aMapeto a Triple-Blade (3-Flute). imawonetsetsa kuti zoyeserera zokhala ndi zida zothamanga kwambirizi ndi zathyathyathya komanso zowona.
Kodi thermoset yolimba ya polima ingaletsedi dzimbiri ndi zolakwika?
Mwamtheradi. Chitetezo choyambirira chotsutsana ndi zovuta zenizeni za dziko lapansi ndi kukhulupirika kwa polima chipolopolo. Kaya ndizosavuta wamba transistor yamphamvu kapena yovuta kwambiri quad flat palibe kutsogolera (qfn) microcontroller, cholinga chachikulu ndi zero chinyezi ingress. Nthunzi yamadzi ndiyo imayambitsa kwambiri mkati dzimbiri ndi kulephera msanga mumagetsi otumizidwa.
Kuti mukwaniritse chisindikizo changwiro ichi kupanga kwakukulu, opanga amasankha njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera okhwima zofunikira zofunsira. Kuumba kwamadzimadzi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zocheperako, zoonda kwambiri pomwe jekeseni wocheperako ndi wofunikira kuti ateteze kusesa kwa waya. Mosiyana, olimba kukanikiza kuumba nthawi zambiri amakondedwa pamapanelo akulu, osanja chifukwa amapereka mawonekedwe ofanana komanso kutulutsa kwakukulu.
Njira iliyonse mu kupanga ndi kupanga gawo amafuna okhwima njira. Pali nthawizonse a malonda pakati pa mtengo, liwiro, ndi kudalirika kotheratu. Komabe, pofuna kuwongolera zinthu zolimba komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano, makampaniwa akupitiriza kupanga mabiliyoni a zipangizo zopanda vuto chaka chilichonse. The kukwanira za zipangizo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ic kupanga kumatsimikizira nthawi ya moyo waukadaulo womwe timadalira tsiku lililonse.
Chidule cha Zofunika Kutenga:
- The ic paketi imapereka chitetezo chofunikira chakuthupi komanso njira yofunikira yamagetsi ya silicon yosalimba.
- Epoxy mold compound imakhala ngati chitetezo choyambirira ku chinyezi, kugwedezeka, ndi mkati dzimbiri.
- Zapamwamba ma CD ndondomeko zimafunikira zenizeni kulumikizana umphumphu kuonetsetsa amphamvu magetsi katundu.
- Kuwongolera kukulitsa kutentha (cte) ndizofunikira kuti tipewe tsamba la nkhondo ndi kuonetsetsa mwangwiro smt kuyika bolodi.
- Kufunafuna ntchito zapamwamba mu 5g pa mapulogalamu amadalira kwathunthu kukhathamiritsa zonse ziwiri kapangidwe ka phukusi ndi zenizeni kuumba chemistry.
- Zapambana kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyesa zimadalira mwatsatanetsatane tooling, okhwima madzimadzi mphamvu kulamulira, ndi patsogolo ic luso.
- Kuchokera kwachikhalidwe chipwirikiti mapangidwe amakono zosasinthika stacking, ndi kusinthasintha cha magwiridwe antchito imapititsa patsogolo bizinesi yonse yaukadaulo.
- A semiconductor sizingagwire ntchito mdziko lenileni popanda zida zopangidwa mwangwiro, zokhazikika bwino pulasitiki nyumba.
