Ntchito iliyonse yayikulu yopangira imayamba kale chitsulo chisanagunde makina a CNC. Zimayambira pansi pa nthaka. Monga wopanga zida zodula kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ndimaganizira za zida zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafakitale athu athe. Tisanayambe makina opangira makina opangira magetsi kapena nkhungu, munthu ayenera kupeza miyalayo. Ili ndi dziko la kufufuza mchere.
Kufufuza kwa mineral ndikufufuza mwadongosolo zinthu zomwe zimatha kukumbidwa ndikukonzedwa mwachuma. Ndi masewera apamwamba kwambiri a sayansi, ukadaulo, ndi intuition. Nkhaniyi ndiyofunika kuiwerenga chifukwa imasenda pansi kuti ikuwonetseni momwe timadziwira ma mineral deposits otheka. Tidzayang'ana pa njira zosiyanasiyana ntchito, ku mapu a geological kupita patsogolo kafukufuku wa geophysical, ndi kufotokoza chifukwa chake kubowola akadali wonena zoona kwambiri pamakampani amigodi.
Kodi kufufuza mchere ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika?
Kufufuza kwa mineral sikungoyendayenda ndi nsabwe. Ndi njira yaukadaulo, yamagawo angapo opangidwa kuti mupeze a mineral deposit ndicho chachikulu ndi cholemera mokwanira kwa ine. Popanda ntchito zofufuza, mkuwa, lifiyamu, chitsulo, ndi zinthu zosapezeka m’nthaka zikanauma. Izi zitha kuyimitsa chilichonse kuyambira kupanga zamagetsi mpaka zomangamanga.
Njirayi imayamba ndi lingaliro lalikulu, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa a chiyembekezo. Kampani imazindikiritsa dera lomwe lili ndi ufulu geology kulandila mchere wamtengo wapatali. Kenako amatsitsa mwadongosolo malo osaka. Cholinga ndi kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha magawo okwera mtengo, monga kubowola, posonkhanitsa deta yambiri momwe mungathere poyamba. Zapambana ntchito zofufuza ndiwo maziko a chuma cha padziko lonse, kupereka zipangizo zonse zomwe timamanga.
Makina olemera asanafike, a katswiri wa sayansi ya nthaka amagunda pansi. Mapu a Geological ndi zolembedwa mwadongosolo mitundu ya miyala ndi zomanga zowonekera pamwamba. Poyenda pansi, akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka amatha kuzindikira zizindikiro za mineralization, monga masinthidwe enieni kapena mapangidwe a miyala omwe amadziwika kuti amakhalapo. matupi a ore.
Izi pamwamba geology imapereka zizindikiro zoyamba za pansi pa nthaka. The katswiri wa sayansi ya nthaka imalemba momwe miyala ikuyendera, zolakwika, ndi zopindika. Izi zambiri za geological ndizofunikira. Zimathandiza gulu kumvetsetsa mbiri ya nthaka ndi kulosera kumene mchere ukhoza kubisala mobisa. Ndi ntchito yotsika mtengo, yamtengo wapatali yomwe imatsogolera onse ntchito zofufuza zotsatila.
Kodi kafukufuku wa geochemical amatenga gawo lanji pozindikira kuthekera kwa mchere?
Ores samakhala pamwamba nthawi zonse; nthawi zambiri amakwiriridwa pansi nthaka kapena zomera. Apa ndi pamene kafukufuku wa geochemical bwerani. Miyala ikagwa ndi kusweka, imatulutsa zitsulo pang'ono m'malo ozungulira. Geochemical zitsanzo kumaphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa nthaka, matope, kapena tchipisi ta rock toyesa ma trace elements awa.
Akatswiri angagwiritse ntchito ma analyzer onyamula a XRF m'munda kuti mupeze zotsatira zanthawi yomweyo, kapena tumizani zitsanzo ku labu. Iwo akuyang'ana "zosokoneza" -malo omwe chitsulo chandamale chimakhala chapamwamba kuposa msinkhu wapansi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa mkuwa mumtsinje matope chitsanzo akhoza kusonyeza mkuwa deposit kumtunda. Geochemical njira zothandizira makampani kuti kuzindikira ndi kuyesa mchere womwe ungakhalepo mipherezero popanda kukumba maenje akuya panobe.
Kodi kafukufuku wa geophysical amawulula bwanji geology pansipa?
Ngakhale geochemistry imayang'ana chemistry, kafukufuku wa geophysical yang'anani pa physics. Mafukufuku awa kuyeza thupi katundu wa miyala, monga magnetism, kachulukidwe, ndi resistivity magetsi. Njira za Geophysical kutilola “kuona” mobisa popanda kuswa nthaka, mofanana ndi mmene X-ray imaonera mkati mwa thupi.
Kafukufuku wa Geophysical imatha kuchitidwa kuchokera mumlengalenga (ndege), pansi, kapena pansi kubowola dzenje. Amathandiza kufotokoza kukula ndi mawonekedwe a zomangamanga zomwe zitha kukhala ndi minerals. Mwa kuphatikiza geochemical ndi geophysical deta, magulu ofufuza akhoza kupanga nkhani yokakamiza kuti ayike zoyeserera zawo. Kuphatikizikaku kumachepetsa kulolera komwe kumakhudzidwa ndikupeza a mineral deposit.
Chifukwa chiyani kafukufuku wa maginito ndi ma electromagnetic amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mchere?
Imodzi mwa njira zofala kwambiri ndi maginito kafukufuku. Magnetic kufufuza kuyeza zosiyanasiyana mu Mphamvu ya magnetic field chifukwa cha maginito mchere monga magnetite kapena pyrrhotite. Kafukufukuyu ndiabwino kwambiri popanga mapu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya rock ndi zolakwa zobisika pansi pake nthaka.
Mphamvu yamagetsi (EM) kafukufuku alinso ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mineral kufufuza. Zofufuza izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi kuti izindikire conductive matupi mobisa. Ma depositi akuluakulu a sulfide (omwe amakhala ndi mkuwa, lead, ndi zinki) nthawi zambiri amakhala othandiza kwambiri. Pamene EM kafukufuku kuyatsa malo enieni, ndi chizindikiro champhamvu cha kuthekera kwa mineral. Izi kafukufuku amayesa kusiyanasiyana kuti diso la munthu silingathe kuona.
Kodi kafukufuku wa zivomezi ndi mphamvu yokoka angapereke mawonekedwe a mbali zitatu?
Pazinthu zozama kapena zazikulu, akatswiri a geologists amatembenukira ku zivomerezi ndi kafukufuku wa mphamvu yokoka. Kafukufuku wokoka kuyeza kusiyana kwakung'ono kwa mphamvu yokoka ya Dziko lapansi yoyambitsidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa rock kachulukidwe. Zokhuthala matupi a ore, monga chitsulo chachitsulo, chidzapanga chisokonezo chabwino cha mphamvu yokoka.
Mafukufuku a seismic amapereka chithunzi chatsatanetsatane cha pansi pa nthaka geology. Potumiza mafunde a phokoso pansi ndikuyesa momwe amabwerera, akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka amatha kupanga mapu a stratigraphy ndi zolakwika. Deta iyi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga atatu-dimensional zitsanzo za a beseni kapena deposit. Pamene zivomerezi ndi okwera mtengo ndipo amafuna kwambiri deta processing, ndi wofunika kwambiri kumvetsa dongosolo lakuya ma mineral deposits otheka.
Kodi kufunikira kwa kuthirira ndi kukhetsa ndi chiyani?
Musanabweretse choboolera chachikulu, nthawi zambiri ndi nzeru kuchita zina kuthirira ndi kuthirira. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chofukula kukumba ngalande yayitali kapena dzenje kudutsa a geochemical zosamveka. Cholinga ndikuwulula mwala pansi pa nthaka ndi chivundikiro.
Kudulira ndi kuthirira kulola ku katswiri wa sayansi ya nthaka kuwona mitundu ya miyala ndi zomangamanga mu situ. Iwo akhoza kutenga mosalekeza njira zitsanzo m'mphepete mwa ngalande kuti adziwe bwino mineral content. Ndi mlatho pakati pa mapu pamwamba ndi kubowola. Imatsimikizira ngati anomaly mu nthaka ikubwera kuchokera pansi pa thanthwe kapena ngati yanyamulidwa kuchokera kwina.
Kodi kubowola kumatsimikizira bwanji kukhalapo kwa thupi la ore?
Pamapeto pake, simungathe kupanga maginito anomaly kapena dothi. Muyenera kuwona thanthwe. The kubowola ndiye chida chofunikira kwambiri pamasewera kufufuza njira. Njira zobowola amasiyana, koma awiri omwe ali ofala kwambiri reverse kuzungulira pobowola (RC) ndi kubowola diamondi pachimake.
Kubowola diamondi kumaphatikizapo kuchotsa cylindrical pachimake zitsanzo mwa thanthwe lolimba. Pachimake ichi chimapereka chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane chokhudza kapangidwe ka miyala, kapangidwe kake, ndi kalasi. Monga wopanga Simenti ya Carbide Gun Drill Bit ndi zida zina zogwira ntchito kwambiri, timamvetsetsa kupsinjika komwe kumayikidwa pazigawo izi. Ayenera kudula mwala wolimba, wonyezimira wakuya mamita masauzande. The kubowola imapereka "chowonadi" cha mineral deposit. Zimatsimikizira kuya, makulidwe, ndi mtundu wa ore.
Kodi kuwunika kwachilengedwe kumafunikira chiyani?
Zamakono kufufuza mchere imayendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Zisanachitike chisokonezo chachikulu, makampani ayenera kuchita chilengedwe kuwunika. Ayenera kuganizira za zomera, nyama, ndi madzi.
Zochita zofufuza ayenera kuchepetsa kuwonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, kubowola njira amasankhidwa kuchepetsa phazi. Makampani ndi zofunika kukonzanso dziko akatha. Izi zikuphatikizapo capping kubowola mabowo, ngalande zodzazanso, ndi kubzalanso zomera. Kuteteza madzi apansi kuchokera kuipitsidwa ndi chofunika kwambiri. Pulogalamu yofufuza yodalirika imatsimikizira kuti tingathe kuchotsa chuma polemekeza chilengedwe.
Kodi makampani amasankha bwanji ngati chiyembekezo chili chabwino pazachuma?
Kupeza mchere ndi chinthu chimodzi; kupanga ndalama ndi zina. Pambuyo pa kubowola zotsatira zili mkati, deta imadyetsedwa kukhala chitsanzo chothandizira. Mtundu uwu umayerekeza matani ndi kalasi ya mineral resources.
Mainjiniya ndi akatswiri a sayansi ya nthaka ndiye amapanga maphunziro otheka. Iwo amaona mtengo kuchotsa ndi ore, kuchira kwazitsulo (monga zitsulo zingasiyanitsidwe), ndi mitengo yamakono yamsika. Izi kupanga zisankho ndondomeko imatsimikizira ngati polojekiti ikuchoka ntchito zofufuza ku ntchito zamigodi. Gawo laling'ono chabe la ziyembekezo akhala anga, koma omwe amapereka mwachuma zida zofunika zomwe gulu lathu limadalira.
Pantchito yanga ku Drillstar, timadziwonera tokha momwe mtundu wa kubowola bit zimakhudza kupambana kwa kufufuza. Kaya ndi a Simenti Mpira wa Carbide Dzino zogwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola kapena pobowola molunjika, chidacho chiyenera kuchita. Ngati a kubowola pang'ono imalephera kwambiri mu dzenje, zimatengera nthawi ndi ndalama kuti zitenge.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zida kumalola makampani ofufuza kubowola mozama komanso mwachangu. Timagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono monga tungsten carbide ndi Stellite Alloy Welding Electrode zipangizo kuonetsetsa zida zathu kupirira kwambiri abrasive zipangizo zopezeka m'mphepete mwa dziko lapansi. Zida zodalirika zimatanthauza zitsanzo zodalirika, ndipo zitsanzo zodalirika zimatsogolera ku zisankho zabwino.
Chidule cha nkhaniyi: Zofunika Kwambiri pa Kufufuza Mchere
Kufufuza kwa mineral ndi sayansi yovuta, yoyendetsedwa ndi data. Pamafunika kuleza mtima, ndalama, ndi kubowola kwambiri. Nazi mfundo zazikulu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:
- Maziko: Mapu a Geological imakhazikitsa siteji pozindikira malo mitundu ya miyala.
- Chemistry: Kafukufuku wa Geochemical santhula nthaka ndi matope kupeza anomalies obisika.
- Fizikisi: Kafukufuku wa Geophysical (Maginito, Seismic, EM) onani mkati mwa dziko lapansi kuti mupange mapu pansi pa nthaka zomangamanga.
- Makina Owona: The kubowola ndizofunikira. Zitsanzo zazikulu ndi njira yokhayo yotsimikizira kalasi ndi kukhalapo kwa matupi a ore.
- Kukhazikika: Kuwongolera chilengedwe ndi kupanga kwa kukonzanso ndizovomerezeka.
- Zachuma: Deta kuchokera ntchito zofufuza zimatsimikizira ngati polojekiti ili mwachuma yotheka ku migodi.
Kuyambira poyamba nthaka chitsanzo ku phunziro lomaliza la kuthekera, kufufuza mchere ndiye injini yomwe imayendetsa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Zimatembenuza miyala yamwala kukhala zinthu zomwe zimamanga tsogolo lathu.
