Kalozera watsatanetsataneyu adzamira mozama muzambiri zopanga mabowo m'ma board apamwamba amagetsi. Kaya mukugwira ntchito pa prototype yosavuta kapena ma board angapo osanjikiza ambiri, kumvetsetsa kukula kwa kubowola kocheperako ndi masinthidwe obowola ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchite bwino. Ndikoyenera kuwerenga chifukwa kukonza zowongolera zanu moyenera kumachepetsa kwambiri ndalama, kupewa misampha wamba, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti PCB yanu ikuchita momwe mukufunira. Phunzirani zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakubowola zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mapangidwe othamanga kwambiri azigwira ntchito komanso kupangidwa pashopu yamakono.
Mukamayang'anira mzere wopanga kapena kupereka zida ku shopu yotanganidwa, kulosera ndi chilichonse. Simungakwanitse kukhala ndi drill snap mid-cycle. Muyenera kudziwa ndendende momwe kubowola kumayendera ndi mbale. Mu bukhuli, tiphwanya zimango za kubowola kwa pcb, tifufuze zoperewera zaukadaulo wobowola wamakina, ndikufotokozera momwe mungakulitsire masanjidwe anu adera.
Kodi kubowola kwa PCB ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani kukula kwake kuli kofunikira kwambiri?
Mukayang'anitsitsa pa bolodi losindikizidwa, mumawona timabowo ting'onoting'ono mazanamazana, nthawi zina masauzande. Kuti apange mabowowa bwino, mafakitale amagwiritsa ntchito kubowola kwapadera kwa pcb. Kubowola kokhazikika kwa pcb ndi chida chapadera chodulira chopangidwa kuchokera ku carbide yolimba. Mutha kudabwa chifukwa chake sitigwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chokhazikika. Chifukwa chake ndi chosavuta. Chipinda cha fiberglass chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chozungulira chimakhala chovuta kwambiri. Idzachepetsa kubowola kwachitsulo kwamasekondi pang'ono. Chobowola cholimba cha carbide chimakhala chakuthwa, ndikudula bwino pamagalasi ndi zigawo zamkuwa.
Kusankha miyeso yoyenera kubowola ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga kwa pcb. Kukula kwa kubowola ndi zofunikira za kubowola zomwe mwasankha zimatengera momwe zigawo zanu zobowola zidzakwaniritsire pambuyo pake pamzere wolumikizira. Ngati kubowolako kumapanga dzenje lothina kwambiri, ogwira ntchito pagulu sangathe kulowetsamo. Ngati kubowola kumapanga dzenje lomwe ndi lotayirira kwambiri, solder siyigwira gawolo motetezeka.
Ngati mutenga kukula kolakwika kwa kubowola, mudzachulukitsa ndalama zopangira mwachangu. Pa pcb kupanga, ndi CNC makina ayenera thupi kusinthana aliyense kubowola pang'ono zosiyanasiyana dzenje. Pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa makulidwe apadera obowola pamapangidwe anu, mumafulumizitsa ntchito yonse yobowola. Nthawi zonse kubowola kwatsopano kumangiriridwa mu spindle, mwayi wolakwika wamakina umakwera. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kukula kobowola koyenera kumawonetsetsa kuti dera lanu likuyenda bwino. Nthawi zonse muyenera kumamatira kukula kwake kubowola kuti musunge bajeti yanu yopanga pcb yotsika momwe mungathere.
Kodi mumadziwa bwanji kukula kwake kobowola kwa dera lanu?
Aliyense pcb wopanga ntchito pansi malire okhwima thupi. Kubowola kocheperako kumayimira chobowola chaching'ono kwambiri chomwe angakankhire pa bolodi popanda kuswa chobowolacho chokha. Nthawi zambiri, kuthekera kopanga kokhazikika kumapereka kukula kocheperako komwe kumayambira 0.2 mm mpaka 0.3 mm paukadaulo woboola wamakina. Pomvetsetsa zovuta zoboola za fakitale yomwe mwasankha, mumadziletsa kupanga bolodi lomwe palibe amene angapange.
Ngati bowo lomwe mwasankha liri laling'ono kwambiri, kubowola kosalimba kumangodumphira ikakhudza mbale yolimba. Kusintha chobowola chosweka kumayimitsa ntchito yonse yobowola ndipo kutha kuwononga dera losindikizidwa lokwera mtengo. Makina amayenera kuyimitsidwa, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kulowererapo, ndipo bolodi iyenera kuchotsedwa. Izi ndizovuta kwambiri pakupanga bwino. Kuti muwongolere mapangidwe anu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kukula kocheperako mukamayendetsa madera olimba kwambiri a bolodi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zina zonse pamapangidwe, gwiritsani ntchito mabowo akuluakulu. Kubowola kokulirapo kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, komwe kumathandizira kudula dzenje loyera kwambiri popanda kunjenjemera. Nthawi zonse fufuzani malamulo apangidwe omwe aperekedwa ndi fakitale yanu kuti mutsimikizire kukula kwake kocheperako musanatumize mawonekedwe anu kuti apange.
Kodi pali ubale wotani pakati pa kukula kochepa kwa kubowola ndi kulondola kwa bowo?
Kuchepetsa kukula kwa kubowola ndi kulondola kwa kubowola kumayendera limodzi pansi pa shopu. Kabowo kakang'ono kamangoyendayenda mosavuta. Pamene nsonga ya kubowola igunda mtolo wolimba wagalasi mkati mwa mbale, kubowolako kumafuna kupatuka. Muyenera kulolerana zolimba kuti muonetsetse kuti kubowola kugunda malo omwe mukufuna pa copper pad. Makina abwino a CNC amakhalabe okhwima ± 0.05 mm kulolerana kwa dzenje lobowola. Ngati kubowolako kumayenda mopitilira uku, bowolo limatha kusokoneza njira yapafupi, ndikuwononga zamagetsi.
Kuti kubowolako kukhale kowongoka bwino, mafakitale amagwiritsa ntchito makina olimba kwambiri okhala ndi masipingo apamwamba a RPM. Amadaliranso zida zapamwamba za carbide ngati zathu Carbide Drills kuonetsetsa kuti kubowola sikupinda pansi pampanipani. Kwa kabowo kakang'ono, makinawo amayendetsa kubowola pansi pang'onopang'ono kuti asasweke.
Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zobowola zazikulu pang'ono kumapangitsa kuti bowo lanu likhale lolondola komanso limafulumizitsa ntchito yobowola. Kubowola kokulirapo kumangopindika pang'ono. Ikugwera m’mbale molimba mtima. Mukapereka zida ku shopu yotanganidwa, kuwakumbutsa kuti agwiritse ntchito kubowola kolimba kuti akhazikike molondola nthawi zonse ndi njira yopambana.
Kodi kuchuluka kwa magawo kumakhudza bwanji kupanga ndi kusankha kwa PCB?
Chiŵerengero cha mawonekedwe ndi chiŵerengero cha makulidwe onse a bolodi ndi diameter ya dzenje losankhidwa. Chiŵerengero chapaderachi chimakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri mu gawo lotsatira la copper plating. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi mbale yokhuthala ya 1.6 mm ndipo mumagwiritsa ntchito kubowola 0.2 mm, gawo lanu ndi 8: 1. Mawonekedwe apamwamba m'ma board okhuthala amapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyika mkuwa modalirika mkati mwa dzenje lakuya. Zamadzimadzi zamadzimadzi zimangovutikira kuti zidutse m'kati mwake.
Monga lamulo la chala chachikulu, muyenera kusunga chiŵerengero chanu pansi pa 10: 1 kuti muwonetsetse kupanga kodalirika. Ngati chiŵerengero cha mbali chikukwera kwambiri, kubowolako kumavutika kuchotsa tchipisi tating'onoting'ono pa dzenje lakuya. Ma chips amalowetsedwa mu zitoliro za kubowola. Kukangana uku kumatenthetsa kubowola mwachangu, kusungunula utomoni wa epoxy mkati mwa bolodi losindikizidwa.
Kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwamafuta awa, opanga ayenera kukulitsa m'mimba mwake mwadala kapena kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito mbale yocheperako. Kulinganiza chiŵerengero cha gawo kumawonetsetsa kuti bowo lirilonse limalandira mkuwa wokwanira mkati kuti ukhale wozungulira, wogwira ntchito. Mabowo ang'onoang'ono ndi ovuta kuwayika, choncho nthawi zonse ganizirani za kuya mukasankha kubowola.
Kodi pobowola kukula kwake ndi zofunika zotani pazigawo za pobowo?
Kupyolera mu dzenje zigawo zofunika kwambiri pobowola kukula ndi zofunika kubowola. Simungathe kulingalira gawo ili. Kukula komaliza kwa dzenje kuyenera kutengera gawo lotsogolera, komanso kusiya malo okwanira pakuyika kwa mkuwa. Ngati bowolo liri lolimba kwambiri, ogwira ntchito pamsonkhanowo amavutika ndi kulowetsamo ndi kusungunula kwa ziwalozo. Kuchuluka kwa kubowola kumatsimikizira momwe gawolo limagwera mosavuta mu mbale.
Kuti muwerenge izi molondola, tengani kuchuluka kwa kutsogolera kwakuthupi kuchokera pa data ndikuwonjezera chilolezo chachitetezo. Nthawi zambiri, mumapanga dzenje lobowola 0.3 mm lalikulu kuposa gawo lenileni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chopinga cholemera chili ndi kutsogolo kwa 0.4 mm, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola 0.7 mm kupanga dzenje.
Ngati kachigawo kakang'ono kamakhala ndi kutsogolo kwa 0.3 mm, gwiritsani ntchito kubowola 0.6 mm. Masamu okhwima awa amawonetsetsa kuti chiwongolerocho chikwanira bwino plating yamkuwa ikamalizidwa. Kupereka chilolezo chokwanira pazigawo zapabowo kumalepheretsa mutu waukulu wa msonkhano komanso kumachepetsa kukonzanso kokwera mtengo pafakitale. Kubowola koyenera kumalepheretsa kutsogolera kuti zisagwedezeke pakulowetsa.
Kodi opanga PCB amasankha bwanji dzenje loyenera la ma vias?
Okonza PCB amagwiritsa ntchito tinthu tating'onoting'ono totchedwa vias polumikiza zigawo zosiyanasiyana za bolodi lamitundu yambiri. Popeza ma vias sakhala ndi chiwongolero chilichonse, dzenje lawo limatha kukhala laling'ono kwambiri kuposa mabowo okhazikika. Vis Standard nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito 0,3 mm, 0.4 mm, kapena 0.6 mm kubowola. Kusunga bowolo kuti lifanane ndi kapangidwe kanu kumapangitsa ntchito yobowola kukhala yosavuta kwambiri komanso kumathandizira kuchepetsa mtengo wapafakitale.
Komabe, mapangidwe othamanga kwambiri amafunikira chisamaliro chapadera kwambiri. Chidutswa chachikulu chodutsa dzenje chimatha kukhala ngati tinyanga tating'onoting'ono, ndikupanga mphamvu ya parasitic yomwe imawononga kukhulupirika kwa ma siginecha. Choncho, okonza pcb nthawi zonse yesetsani ntchito ang'onoang'ono kubowola zotheka kwa vias ovuta awa wodutsa. Kubowola kwakung'ono kumapangitsa kuti chidziwitso chikhale bwino mumayendedwe ovuta kwambiri.
Muyenera kuwongolera nthawi zonse kukhulupirika kwa siginecha iyi ndi kuthekera kopanga kwa shopu yanu. Kubowola kosasinthasintha pamakina anu onse osafunikira kumawonetsetsa kuti dera lanu limagwira ntchito mosalakwitsa pomwe limakhala lopangidwa kwambiri. Wopanga wanzeru amadziwa ndendende kubowola koyenera kuyitanitsa njira iliyonse yazizindikiro.
Ndi liti pamene muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola laser m'malo mobowola makina?
Ukadaulo wakubowola wamakina pamapeto pake umagunda khoma lomwe lili ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Mabowo anu akatsika pansi pa 0.1 mm mpaka 0.2 mm, makinawo sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo. Pamlingo wa microscopic uwu, chobowola chopangidwa ndi makina ndi chosalimba kwambiri kuti chipangike mwachangu kwambiri. Apa ndipamene kubowola laser kumatenga ntchito. Ma laser amagwiritsa ntchito nyali zowunikira kwambiri kuti awotche bowo podutsa pa bolodi losindikizidwa.
Kubowola kwa laser ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga ma micro-vias muma board apamwamba a HD (High-Density Interconnect). Ngakhale kubowola kwachikhalidwe kumadula njira yonse kupyola mbale yokhuthala, laser ndi ya micro-vias yomwe imangotenga gawo limodzi kapena ziwiri zoonda. Chifukwa akhungu ndi okwiriridwa vias ntchito lasers, iwo samalowa gulu lonse.
Ma laser amatha kuphwetsa galasi ndikuyika utomoni mwachangu popanda kuwononga padi yamkuwa. Komabe, chenjezedwa: kubowola kwa laser kumawonjezera mtengo wopangira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi kukankhira kubowola kwamakina kudzera pa bolodi. Choncho, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola laser kwa micro-vias pamene routing malo pa mbale ali mwamtheradi oletsedwa kwa yaying'ono zamagetsi anu.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mabowo obowola opukutidwa ndi osakutidwa?
Mu muyezo pcb kupanga, inu nthawi zonse kukumana mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu mabowo: pths (wokutidwa kudzera mabowo) ndi npths (Non-yokutidwa kudzera mabowo). A pth ndi bowo lobowola lomwe limalandira zokutira zamkuwa zolemera pamakoma ake amkati kuti aziyendetsa magetsi kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Ma vias ambiri ndi mabowo omwe amapangidwa kuti azidutsa pamabowo ndi pths.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, dzenje losakutidwa, kapena npth, ndi bowo lopanda kanthu lomwe limabowola molunjika pa mbale yomalizidwa popanda mkuwa mkati mwake. Mabowo okwera pamakina nthawi zambiri amakhala npths. Fakitale ikukonzekera kubowola pth, iyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kubowola komwe kuli kokulirapo pang'ono kuposa kukula kwa dzenje lomwe lafunsidwa, chifukwa plating yamkuwa imawonjezera makulidwe ndikuchepetsa m'mimba mwake.
Npth, komabe, imabowoleredwa ku kukula kwake kwenikweni kumapeto kwa ndondomekoyi. Pa dzenje lililonse lobowola losakutidwa, nthawi zonse muyenera kukhala ndi chilolezo pakati pa m'mphepete mwa dzenjelo ndi njira zilizonse zapafupi. Chilolezo chofunikirachi chimalepheretsa zomangira zachitsulo kuti zisafupikitse dera logwira ntchito zikadutsa mu npths kuti zikweze bolodi ku chassis.
Kodi kumvetsetsa kubowola kocheperako kungakuthandizireni bwanji kupanga kwanu ndikuchepetsa mtengo?
Pomvetsa malire kubowola osachepera kukula kwa osankhidwa pcb wopanga, inu tidziwe bwino mtengo wopulumutsa chida. Ngati mupanga bolodi yokhala ndi mabowo a 0.15 mm, koma fakitale yanu imalipira ndalama zambiri pobowola chilichonse pansi pa 0.2 mm, mukungowononga ndalama. Mukakulitsa mabowowo mpaka 0.2 mm kapena 0.3 mm, mumachepetsa ndalama nthawi yomweyo. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabowo akuluakulu ngati kuli kotheka kuti ntchito yonse yobowola ikhale yotsika mtengo komanso yachangu.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kumamatira ku kukula kobowola koyenera pa projekiti yanu yonse. M'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mabowo osakanikirana a 0.65 mm, 0.68 mm, ndi 0.7 mm, ingowagwirizanitsani ndi mabowo a 0.7 mm. Kuphatikiza kukula kwa kubowola momveka kumatanthauza kuti makina a CNC amaima kangapo kuti asinthe kubowola.
Ku Drillstar, timapereka kulondola kwambiri Ndodo Zolimba za Tungsten Carbide kwa opanga zida makamaka chifukwa timadziwa bwino momwe kubowola kwakuthwa, kolimba kumafunikira kuti ntchito yobowola ikhale yabwino. Komanso, ndalama mu yoyenera Drill Bit Grinding Machine amathandiza masitolo okwera kwambiri kukhalabe odula kwambiri pamabowo awo. Konzani kapangidwe kanu poganiza ndendende ngati wamakina omwe amayendetsa kubowola.
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti mapangidwe anu a pcb akuyenda bwino pamzere wa msonkhano, tsatirani njira mwadongosolo kwambiri posankha m'mimba mwake iliyonse. Nthawi zonse siyani mamilimita 0.1 kuti muzitsogolere zing'onozing'ono ndikusiya 0.2 mm kuti mukhale ndi zitsogozo zazikulu pamene mukuyesa mabowo pazigawo zanu zapabowo, kapena zazikulu ngati kuli kofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti zikuyenda bwino. Mphepete mwapang'ono imeneyi imathandiza kutsimikizira kuti chotsogoleracho chidzalowa bwino, ngakhale plating yamkuwayo ili yokhuthala pang'ono kuposa momwe fakitale imayembekezera. Kukwanira kolimba nthawi zonse kumakhala koyipa pakuphatikiza makina.
Nthawi zonse fufuzani malamulo apangidwe ofalitsidwa ndi fakitale yanu. Tsimikizirani kukula kwa dzenje lomwe mwasankha motsutsana ndi malire a fakitale, makamaka ngati mukupanga matabwa okhuthala. Onetsetsani kuti ma vias anu onse ali ndi mphete zokwanira zamkuwa kuzungulira bowolo. Ngati kubowolako kumayenda pang'ono pakati, mphete yopyapyala yamkuwa imasweka, ndikuwononga dera lonselo.
Kubowola koyenera kumatsimikizira kuti magetsi azikhala odalirika pa mbale yonse. Podziwa kukula kofunikira kwa kubowola ndi zofunikira pakubowola, mumatsimikizira kuti zamagetsi zanu sizongotukuka komanso zopangidwa kwambiri padziko lapansi zenizeni. Kubowola kwanzeru kumamanga mbale yabwino kwambiri, yodalirika! Kuchokera pachobowola chaching'ono kwambiri mpaka cholemeraCemented Carbide Insert amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira makina a chassis, zida zolondola ndizomwe zimagunda pakupanga zamagetsi zamakono.
Mwachidule: Zofunika Kuzikumbukira
- Carbide ndi Mfumu: Kubowola kokhazikika kwa PCB kumapangidwa kuchokera ku carbide yolimba kuti zisapirire mbale ya fiberglass yowopsa kwambiri.
- Dziwani Malire Anu: Kukula kocheperako komwe kulipo kumatengera kachulukidwe ka njira yanu; kucheperako kumawonjezera mtengo wopangira ndikuphwanya kubowola.
- Zolondola Nkhani: Bowo laling'ono lobowola limafuna kulolerana mwamphamvu kuti chibowolocho sichikuyendayenda ndikudula dera.
- Mind the Aspect Ration: Mabowo akuya m'mabokosi okhuthala amakhala ovuta kuyika; sungani chiŵerengero m'munsimu 10: 1 kuti mutsimikizire kuphimba kwa mkuwa wodalirika mkati mwa dzenje.
- Chilolezo cha Chigawo: Nthawi zonse pangani bowo lobowolalo kukhala lokulirapo ndi 0.3 mm kuposa gawo lotsogolera kuti lilowetsedwe mosalala ndi kuwotchera.
- Kudzera vs. Mounting: Gwiritsani ntchito kubowola kwakung'ono kwa vias kuti muteteze kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro, koma gwiritsani ntchito kubowola kokulirapo kwa npths kuti mukhale ndi zida zomangika bwino.
- Konzani Kuti Musunge: Gwiritsitsani kukula kwake kuti muchepetse kusintha kwa zida ndikupewa misampha wamba panthawi yopanga kuti pcb yanu izichita momwe mukufunira.
