
Urupapuro rwuzuye rwerekana ibintu fatizo, mubisanzwe muburyo bwurupapuro, bigizwe nibice bibiri cyangwa byinshi bitandukanye byumubiri cyangwa imiti byahujwe kugirango habeho ibintu bishya bifite imitungo isumba iyindi ugereranije nibigize. Mu nganda zateye imbere mu nganda, ibi bikubiyemo guhuza matrise itoroshye, ihindagurika (nkicyuma cyangwa polymer) hamwe nicyiciro gikomeye, gishimangira (nka ceramic ceramic cyangwa fibre) kugirango ugere kuburinganire bwimbaraga, gukomera, nibindi bintu byihariye bikora.
Izi nteruro zakozwe kugirango zibe urubuga rwifatizo rwo kurushaho gutunganya cyangwa nkibice byingenzi bigize imiterere mugusaba porogaramu.
Ibiranga ubudozi: Inyungu yibanze nubushobozi bwo gushushanya ibikoresho bifite urutonde rwimitungo itabonetse mubintu bimwe. Ibi birimo guhitamo kuri:
Ikigereranyo Cyinshi-Kuri-Ibipimo: Cyane cyane muri polymer cyangwa ibyuma bya matrix yibikoresho bishimangirwa na fibre karubone cyangwa ceramic.
Kwiyongera Kwambara Kurwanya: Byagerwaho mugushiramo ibice bikomeye nka tungsten karbide cyangwa ceramic muri matrice yicyuma.
Kunoza Ubushyuhe cyangwa Amashanyarazi: Mugushyiramo fibre cyangwa uduce.
Kugenzura Ubushyuhe Bwagutse: Ibyingenzi muri electronics kugirango bihuze kwaguka kwa semiconductor.
Imikorere myinshi: Urupapuro rumwe rukomatanya rushobora gushushanywa kugirango rukore imirimo myinshi, nko gutanga inkunga yimiterere, kurwanya imyenda, hamwe no gucunga ubushyuhe icyarimwe.
Anisotropy: Ibintu birashobora gushirwaho kugirango bibe icyerekezo (anisotropique), nko gukomera mu cyerekezo kimwe bitewe na fibre ihujwe, ikaba nziza kubintu byihariye bitwara imitwaro.
"Urupapuro rwuzuye" ni urwego rwagutse. Ubwoko bw'ingenzi burimo:
Ibyuma bya Matrix (MMC): Icyuma fatizo (urugero, aluminium, umuringa) gishimangirwa nuduce duto twa ceramic (urugero: karbide ya silicon, karbide ya boron) cyangwa fibre.
Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC): Matrix ceramic (urugero, karbide ya silicon) yashimangiwe na fibre ceramic, itanga imbaraga zidasanzwe zubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe no gukomera kuvunika ugereranije nubutaka bwa monolithic.
Polymer Matrix Ibigize (PMC): Igikoresho cya polymer (urugero, epoxy) gishimangirwa na fibre ikomeza (urugero, karubone, ikirahure, aramide). Izi nimpapuro za kera "composite" zikoreshwa mu kirere no mu bicuruzwa bya siporo.
Ibikoresho bya Laminated: Ibice byinshi byibikoresho bitandukanye (urugero, ibyuma, polymers) bihujwe hamwe kugirango bikore urupapuro rufite imitungo ikomoka kuri buri cyiciro.
Impapuro zifatika zifatizo nishingiro mubikorwa byubuhanga buhanitse:
Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bipfunyika: Byakoreshejwe nka substrate ya chipi ya semiconductor hamwe nizunguruka. Ingero zirimo:
Umuringa utaziguye (DBC): Urupapuro rwibumba (nka Al₂O₃ cyangwa AlN) rufite umuringa uhambiriye impande zombi, rukoreshwa mumashanyarazi.
Ibyuma Core PCBs: Urufatiro rwicyuma (nka aluminium) hamwe na dielectric layer na layer layer, bikoreshwa mumuri LED.
Aerosmace & Defence: Nka panneaux yuburyo bwuruhu rwindege, ibice bya satelite, hamwe na sisitemu yintwaro, aho uburemere n'imbaraga nyinshi ari ngombwa.
Kwambara-Kurwanya Imyenda: Impapuro za MMC zirimo karbide ya tungsten cyangwa ibindi byiciro bikomeye bikoreshwa muguhuza ibikoresho mubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubuhinzi, no gutunganya ibikoresho.
Imicungire yubushyuhe: Nkuko ubushyuhe burohama cyangwa ikwirakwiza muri electronics zifite ingufu nyinshi, gukoresha ibikoresho hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi (urugero, Al-SiC).
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make ibintu byingenzi biranga ibintu byihuse:
| Ikiranga | Ibisobanuro | Ibyiza |
| Ihame | Urupapuro rwibanze rwakozwe muguhuza ibikoresho bibiri cyangwa byinshi bitandukanye. | Gushoboza kurema ibikoresho hamwe nibintu bihujwe bidashoboka kubintu bimwe. |
| Ihame ry'ingenzi | Gukorana. Matrix no gushimangira bikorana kugirango habeho ibintu bisumba byose. | Kugera ku buringanire bwiza, urugero, gukomera kuva matrix no gukomera kuva gushimangira. |
| Gushimangira Rusange | Ibice (Carbide, Ceramic), Fibre (Carbone, Ikirahure). | Itanga ibintu byihariye nko kwihanganira kwambara cyangwa imbaraga nyinshi. |
| Imibare isanzwe | Ibyuma (Al, Cu), Polymers (Epoxy), Ceramics (SiC). | Itanga icyiciro gikomeza, gitanga ubukana, kandi gihuza imbaraga. |
| Umushoferi wibanze | Imikorere n'imikorere. | Emerera kuburemere bworoshye, bukora neza, kandi burambye mubuhanga buhanitse. |
| Inganda zingenzi | Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki, icyogajuru, ibinyabiziga, kwirwanaho, gukora inganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru. | Ibikoresho bifasha iterambere ryikoranabuhanga muriyi nzego. |
Muri make, a Urupapuro rwuzuye ni ibikoresho byubatswe cyane. Ntabwo aribikoresho byoroshye ahubwo ni urubuga ruhanitse rwakozwe kuva kurwego rwa atome kugeza gutanga ibikoresho byihariye bya mashini, ubushyuhe, n amashanyarazi, bigatuma biba ingirakamaro kubikorwa bigezweho.