
Ibyuma bishingiye ku byuma bikozwe mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru ni icyiciro cyibikoresho byuma bifite ibyuma (Fe) nkibintu byingenzi, byashizweho kugirango bigumane imbaraga zumukanishi no kurwanya iyangirika (nka okiside) mubushyuhe bwo hejuru, mubisanzwe mubipimo bya 540 ° C kugeza 760 ° C (1000 ° F kugeza 1400 ° F). Izina "ryakozwe" ryerekana ko ryakozwe nuburyo bukoreshwa nubushyuhe nko kuzunguruka, guhimba, cyangwa gusohora, binonosora microstructure kugirango bitange imbaraga zingirakamaro, guhindagurika, no guhimba.
Bikora nkigiciro cyingirakamaro kandi gihindagurika cyane kumurongo mugari wubushyuhe bwo hejuru bukoreshwa, bikuraho itandukaniro ryimikorere hagati yicyuma kitagira umwanda na nikel ihenze cyane cyangwa cobalt ishingiye kuri superalloys.
Ibyiza Byinshi-Ubushyuhe Imbaraga & Creep Resistance: Barwanya guhindagurika no gutinda, biterwa nigihe kinini (creep) munsi yubukanishi bwubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nubwo ubushyuhe bwabo bwo hejuru buri munsi ugereranije nubwa superalloys bushingiye kuri nikel.
Oxidation nziza na Kurwanya Kurwanya: Ikintu cyingenzi nubushobozi bwabo bwo gukora igipimo kirinda, gikurikiza chromia (Cr₂O₃) igipimo hejuru, bitewe na chromium nyinshi (mubisanzwe 12-28%). Ibyiciro byinshi birimo silikoni (Si) na aluminium (Al) kugirango bibe umunzani uhamye.
Ikiguzi-Cyiza: Ukurikije materique yicyuma, zihenze cyane ugereranije na nikel cyangwa cobalt ishingiye kubindi, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byo guhitamo kubinini binini cyangwa byoroheje bikoreshwa.
Imyenda myiza: Kamere yabyo isobanura ko ishobora guhindurwa byoroshye, gutunganywa, no gusudira mubice bigoye ukoresheje ibikorwa bisanzwe byinganda.
Imikorere yubushyuhe bwo hejuru yibi bivangwa igerwaho hifashishijwe uburyo bwinshi bwo guhuza:
Gukemura igisubizo gikomeye: Ibintu nka molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), na chromium (Cr) bishonga muri materique yicyuma, bikabuza kugenda kwimuka no gutanga imbaraga zifatizo.
Imyororokere ya Carbide Ikomeza: Gukora karbide ihamye (urugero, M₂₃C₆, MC, aho M ni Cr, Mo, Nb) kumupaka wimbuto no mubinyampeke bifasha guhuza dislokisiyo nimbibi zintete, byongera imbaraga no kurwanya ibimera.
Imvura ya Nitride na Carbonitride: Mu mavuta amwe n'amwe, ibintu nka niobium (Nb) na titanium (Ti) bigize nitride nziza cyangwa karubone itanga imbaraga z’imvura.
Microstructural Stabilite: Ibigize ibivanze biringaniye kugirango birwanye ubukana bwibi byiciro bikomeza ndetse no gushiraho ibice byangiza intermetallic mugihe kirekire cyo guhura nubushyuhe.
Ibyuma bishingiye ku byuma bikozwe mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru ni uruganda rukora mu nganda nyinshi:
Amashanyarazi:
Turbine Blade & Disk muri turbine hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hasi bwa gaz turbine.
Amashanyarazi ya Boiler, Superheater & Reheater Tubes, hamwe noguhindura ubushyuhe mumashanyarazi ya fosile.
Imodoka:
Amazu ya Turbocharger (Amazu ya Turbine) agomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa gaze.
Umunaniro ukabije hamwe na downpipes.
Amatanura yinganda & Kuvura ubushyuhe:
Imirasire yumucyo, Muffles, Gariyamoshi, hamwe nuduseke bikoreshwa mugutwika, guhuza, hamwe nubundi buryo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe.
Ibikomoka kuri peteroli no gutunganya:
Gutobora ibicanwa by'itanura no kuvoma imiyoboro yubushyuhe bwo hejuru murwego rwa catalitike hamwe nabavugurura.
Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana muri make ibintu byingenzi biranga ibintu byihuse:
| Ikiranga | Ibisobanuro | Ibyiza |
| Shingiro | Icyuma (Fe), hamwe na hejuru Chromium (Cr) ibirimo. | Itanga umusingi uhenze hamwe na okiside irwanya. |
| Inzira yo gukora | Gutunganya amashyanyarazi (Kuzunguruka bishyushye, guhimba). | Ibisubizo muburyo bumwe, buringaniye neza hamwe nubwitonzi bwiza no gukomera. |
| Imbaraga zingenzi | Igisubizo gikomeye (Mo, W); Carbide (Cr, Nb, Mo). | Itanga kuringaniza imbaraga zubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe na microstructural stabilite. |
| Ubushyuhe | Imikorere myiza kugeza ~ 760 ° C (1400 ° F). | Uzuza icyuho gikomeye cyimikorere hagati yicyuma gisanzwe kitagira umuyonga na nikel superalloys. |
| Inyungu z'ingenzi | Impirimbanyi nziza yimikorere, guhimbwa, nigiciro. | Igisubizo cyubukungu cyane kumubare munini wibibazo byubushyuhe bwo hejuru. |
| Ibisanzwe Bisanzwe & Ubwoko | Austenitike (urugero, 304H, 316H, 321H, 347H); Ferritic (urugero, 446); Imvura-Irashobora gukomera (urugero, A-286, 17-4PH). | Tanga amahitamo yagutse kubushyuhe butandukanye, imbaraga, nibisabwa. |
Muri make, Ibyuma Bishingiye ku Byuma Byinshi-Ubushyuhe Bwinshi nicyiciro cyibanze kandi gihindagurika cyibikoresho bifasha igice kinini cyubwubatsi bugezweho. Iterambere ryabo ryerekana uburyo bwiza bwo kuzamura ibiciro no gukora, bigatuma biba ingenzi kubisabwa kuva mumodoka yumuryango kugeza kumashanyarazi atanga amashanyarazi.