Ubu buyobozi bwuzuye buzibira muburyo bwihariye bwo gukora ibyobo mubibaho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho. Waba ukora kuri prototype yoroshye cyangwa igoye igizwe nimbaho nyinshi, gusobanukirwa byibura ingano yimyitozo ngororamubiri hamwe nibisobanuro bya drill nibyingenzi rwose kugirango ubigereho. Birakwiye ko usoma kuko kubona ibipimo bya myitozo neza bizagabanya cyane ibiciro, wirinde imitego isanzwe, kandi urebe ko PCB yawe ikora nkuko byateganijwe. Wige ibintu by'ingenzi biranga inzira yo gucukura ituma ibishushanyo byihuta bikora kandi bigakorerwa mububiko bwa kijyambere.
Iyo ucunga umurongo utanga umusaruro cyangwa gutanga ibikoresho kumaduka ahuze, guhanura nibintu byose. Ntushobora kwihanganira kugira imyitozo yo hagati. Ugomba kumenya neza uko imyitozo ikorana nisahani. Muri iki gitabo, tuzasenya ubukanishi bwimyitozo ya pcb, dusuzume aho ubushobozi bwikoranabuhanga bwo gucukura bugarukira, tunasobanure uburyo bwo kunoza imiterere yumuzunguruko.
Niki mubyukuri imyitozo ya PCB kandi kuki ingano yimyitozo ifite akamaro kanini?
Iyo urebye neza ku kibaho cyacapwe, ubona amagana, rimwe na rimwe ibihumbi, by'imyobo mito. Kurema ibyo byobo neza, inganda zikoresha imyitozo ya pcb yihariye. Imyitozo isanzwe ya pcb nigikoresho cyihariye cyo gukata cyakozwe rwose kuva karbide ikomeye. Urashobora kwibaza impamvu tudakoresha ibyuma bisanzwe. Impamvu iroroshye. Isahani ya fiberglass ikoreshwa mugukora uruziga irakabije bidasanzwe. Bizagabanya imyitozo isanzwe yicyuma mumasegonda. Imyitozo ikomeye ya karbide iguma ityaye, ikata neza ukoresheje ikirahure hamwe nu muringa.
Guhitamo ingano yimyitozo ikwiye nimwe mubintu byingenzi byubushakashatsi bwa pcb. Ingano yimyitozo nibisabwa kugirango uhitemo utegeke neza neza uburyo ibice byawe byanyuze bizahuza nyuma kumurongo winteko. Niba imyitozo ikora umwobo ufunze cyane, abakozi baterana ntibashobora gushyiramo ibice. Niba imyitozo ikora umwobo urekuye cyane, umugurisha ntashobora gufata ibice byayobora neza.
Niba uhisemo ingano yimyitozo itari yo, uzahita wongera ibiciro byinganda. Mugihe cyo gukora pcb, imashini ya CNC igomba guhinduranya muburyo bwa buri myitozo kugirango ubunini butandukanye. Mugabanye umubare wubunini budasanzwe bwa drill mugushushanya kwawe, wihutisha gahunda yo gucukura muri rusange. Igihe cyose imyitozo mishya yapakiwe muri spindle, amahirwe yo gukanika imashini arazamuka. Kubwibyo, gutoranya ingano yimyitozo ituma umuzunguruko wawe ujya mubikorwa byinshi neza. Ugomba guhora wiziritse kubunini busanzwe bwa drill kugirango ugumane bije yawe yo guhimba pcb hasi nkibishoboka.
Nigute ushobora kumenya ingano ntoya ya drillage kumuzunguruko wawe?
Buri ruganda rwa pcb rukora munsi yimipaka igaragara. Ingano ntoya ya drilline yerekana imyitozo ntoya cyane ya mashini bashobora gusunika mu kibaho batabanje kumena imyitozo ubwayo. Mubisanzwe, ubushobozi busanzwe bwo gukora butanga byibura ingano yimyitozo iri hagati ya 0.2 mm na 0.3 mm kubuhanga busanzwe bwo gucukura imashini. Mugusobanukirwa inzitizi ntoya yimyitozo yinganda wahisemo, uririnda gukora ikibaho ntamuntu numwe ushobora kubaka.
Niba umwobo wahisemo ari muto cyane, imyitozo yoroheje izahita ifata umwanya ikora ku isahani ikomeye. Gusimbuza imyitozo yamenetse bihagarika inzira yose yo gucukura kandi birashobora kwangiza uruziga ruhenze. Imashini igomba guhagarara, uyikoresha agomba gutabara, kandi ikibaho gishobora gusibwa. Ibi ni inzozi zo gukora neza. Kugirango uhindure igishushanyo cyawe, ugomba gukoresha gusa ingano ntoya mugihe urimo uyobora ahantu huzuye bidasanzwe byubuyobozi.
Kubindi byose kumiterere, koresha umwobo munini. Imyitozo nini irakomeye cyane, ituma ikata umwobo usukuye cyane utanyeganyega. Buri gihe ugenzure amategeko yihariye yatanzwe nuruganda rwawe kugirango wemeze ingano ntoya ya drill mbere yo kohereza prototype yawe kugirango ikore.
Ni irihe sano riri hagati yubunini bwimyitozo ngororamubiri nukuri?
Ingano ntoya ya drill hamwe nukuri kwimyitozo bijyana hamwe nu iduka. Umwobo muto wo gutobora uzerera byoroshye. Iyo isonga ryimyitozo ikubise uruzitiro rukomeye rwibirahure imbere yisahani, imyitozo irashaka gutandukana. Ukeneye kwihanganira byimazeyo kugirango inzira yo gucukura ikubite ahantu nyaburanga ku muringa. Imashini nziza za CNC zigumana kwihanganira mm 0,05 mm kugirango umwobo urangire. Niba imyitozo izerera kurenza ibi, umwobo wimyitozo urashobora guca burundu inzira yumuzunguruko uri hafi, bikangiza ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Kugirango ugumane imyitozo igororotse neza, inganda zikoresha imashini zikomeye cyane zifite ibikoresho byinshi-RPM. Bashingira kandi ku bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bikomeye bya karbide nkatwe Imyitozo ya Carbide kwemeza ko imyitozo itazunama munsi yigitutu. Ku mwobo muto, imashini yimura imyitozo hasi gahoro gahoro kugirango irinde kumeneka.
Kubwibyo, ukoresheje ubunini bunini bwimyitozo ngororamubiri isanzwe itezimbere umwobo wawe muri rusange kandi byihutisha inzira yo gucukura. Imyitozo nini cyane yunamye gake. Yiroha mu isahani afite ikizere. Iyo utanze ibikoresho kumaduka ahuze, ubibutsa gukoresha imyitozo itajenjetse kugirango ushire neza buri gihe ni ingamba zatsinze.
Ni mu buhe buryo igipimo kigira ingaruka ku gukora PCB no guhitamo imyitozo?
Ikigereranyo cya aspect ni igipimo cyubugari bwububiko bwuzuye na diameter yatoranijwe. Iri gereranya ryihariye rifite uruhare runini mugice gikurikiraho cyo gushiraho umuringa. Kurugero, niba ufite isahani isanzwe ya mm 1,6 kandi ugakoresha imyitozo ya mm 0.2, igipimo cyawe ni 8: 1. Ikigereranyo kinini cyane mubibaho byimbitse bituma bigorana cyane gushira umuringa imbere yumwobo wimbitse. Amazi yimiti arwana no kunyura mumurambararo muto.
Nkibisanzwe muri rusange, ugomba kugumana igipimo cyawe kiri munsi ya 10: 1 kugirango wizere gukora neza. Niba igipimo cya aspect kiba kinini cyane, imyitozo ubwayo irwana no gukuramo imitwe yaciwe mu mwobo wimbitse. Chip zipakirwa mumyironge yimyitozo. Uku guterana gushyushya imyitozo byihuse, gushonga epoxy resin imbere yumubaho wacapwe.
Kugira ngo wirinde kwangirika kw’ubushyuhe, abashushanya bagomba kongera intego yo kongera umwobo wa diameter cyangwa guhitamo gukoresha isahani yoroheje. Kuringaniza ibipimo byerekana ko buri mwobo wimyitozo yakira umuringa uhagije imbere kugirango ube uruziga rukomeye. Ibyobo bito biragoye kubisahani, burigihe rero tekereza kubwimbitse mugihe uhisemo imyitozo yawe.
Ni ubuhe bunini bw'imyitozo n'ibisabwa kugirango ucukure ibice?
Binyuze mu mwobo bikenera ubunini bwihariye bwimyitozo nibisabwa. Ntushobora gukeka iki gipimo. Ingano yanyuma igomba kworoha byoroshye ibice bigize umubiri, wongeyeho gusiga umwanya uhagije wo gutunganya umuringa. Niba umwobo wa diameter ari muto cyane, abakozi baterana bazahangana no kwinjiza neza no kugurisha ibice. Diameter ya myitozo igena uburyo byoroshye igice kigwa mumasahani.
Kugirango ubare neza, fata diameter ntarengwa yumubiri uva kuri datasheet hanyuma wongereho umutekano. Mubisanzwe, ukora intego yo gucukura umwobo 0.3 mm nini kuruta ibice bigize icyerekezo. Kurugero, niba résistoriste iremereye ifite 0,4 mm ya sisitemu, ugomba rwose gukoresha umwitozo wa mm 0.7 kugirango ukore umwobo.
Niba ikintu gito gifite 0,3 mm kiyobora, koresha imyitozo ya mm 0,6. Iyi mibare ihamye ituma ibice bigize isonga bihura neza nyuma yo gusya umuringa birangiye. Gutanga ibisobanuro bihagije kubice byacukuwe birinda umutwe munini winteko kandi bigabanya imirimo ihenze kuruganda. Imyitozo iburyo irinda icyerekezo gukomera mugihe cyo gushiramo.
Nigute abashushanya PCB bahitamo umwobo ukwiye wa vias?
Abashushanya PCB bakoresha utuntu duto bita vias muguhuza ibice bitandukanye byubuyobozi bwinshi. Kubera ko vias idafashe ikintu icyo aricyo cyose gifatika kiyobora, umurambararo wa diameter urashobora kuba muto cyane ugereranije nu mwobo usanzwe. Viyasi isanzwe ikoresha mm 0,3, mm 0,4, cyangwa imyitozo ya 0,6 mm. Kugumisha umwobo wa diametre bihuye neza mubishushanyo byawe byoroshya inzira yo gucukura kandi bifasha kugabanya ibiciro muruganda.
Ariko, ibishushanyo byihuse bisaba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe. Umunini unyuze mu mwobo wa diametre urashobora gukora nka antenne ntoya, ugakora ubushobozi bwa parasitike yangiza ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso. Kubwibyo, abashushanya pcb burigihe bagerageza gukoresha imyitozo ntoya ishoboka kuri izi nzira zikomeye. Imyitozo ntoya isanzwe itezimbere uburinganire bwibimenyetso mubice bigoye byumuzunguruko.
Ugomba guhora uringaniza ubu bimenyetso hamwe nubushobozi busanzwe bwo gukora iduka ryawe. Ingano yimyitozo ihoraho kubintu byose bidakomeye byerekana ko umuzunguruko wawe ukora neza mugihe usigaye ukora cyane. Umunyabwenge wubwenge azi neza imyitozo yo guhamagara kuri buri kimenyetso cyihariye.
Ni ryari ugomba gukoresha gucukura laser aho gukoresha imashini?
Tekinoroji yo gucukura imashini amaherezo ikubita urukuta rwumubiri hamwe nu mwobo muto. Iyo ingano yawe igabanutse munsi ya 0.1 mm kugeza kuri 0.2 mm, imashini ntishobora gukoresha icyuma gito. Kuri iki gipimo cya microscopique, bito ya mashini ya mashini iroroshye rwose kubyara umusaruro mwinshi. Aha niho rwose gucukura laser bifata akazi. Lazeri ikoresha urumuri rwibanze cyane kugirango rutwike umwobo unyuze mubikoresho byacapwe byumuzunguruko.
Gucukura Laser ningirakamaro rwose mugukora micro-vias mubibaho bya hdi bigezweho (High-Density Interconnect). Mugihe imyitozo gakondo ya pcb ya mashini ikata inzira yose ikoresheje isahani yijimye, laser ni ya micro-vias ikora gusa kimwe cyangwa bibiri byoroshye. Kuberako impumyi kandi zishyinguwe zikoresha laseri, ntabwo zinjira mubibaho byose.
Lazeri irashobora guhumeka ikirahuri hanyuma igasubirana vuba nta kwangiza umuringa uri munsi. Ariko rero, uraburiwe: gucukura laser bizongera ibiciro byinganda ugereranije no gusunika imashini isanzwe ikoresheje ikibaho. Kubwibyo, ugomba gukoresha gusa gucukura laser kuri micro-vias mugihe ugenda uhinduranya isahani birabujijwe rwose kubintu bya elegitoroniki yawe.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bwimyitozo idashyizwe hamwe?
Mubikorwa bisanzwe bya pcb, uzahora uhura nubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwibyobo: pths (Binyuze mu mwobo) na npths (Bidashyizwe mu mwobo). Pth ni umwobo wimyitozo yakira umuringa uremereye ushyira kurukuta rwimbere kugirango ukore amashanyarazi kuva hejuru kugeza hasi. Viyasi nyinshi nu mwobo byagenewe kunyura mu mwobo ni pths.
Ibinyuranye, umwobo udafite isahani, cyangwa npth, ni umwobo wambaye ubusa wacukuwe neza unyuze mu isahani yarangiye rwose nta muringa imbere. Imashini yo gushiraho imashini mubisanzwe npths. Iyo uruganda rwiteguye gucukura pth, bagomba gukoresha umwitozo uruta gato ubunini bwasabwe bwa nyuma, kuko isahani y'umuringa yongeramo umubyimba kandi ikagabanya diameter yanyuma.
Npth, icyakora, iracukurwa kugeza mubunini bwayo neza neza kurangiza inzira. Ku mwobo uwo ari wo wose udafite isahani, ugomba guhora ukomeje gutandukanya hagati yumwobo nu murongo wose uzenguruka. Uku gukuraho kwingenzi kubuza imigozi yicyuma kugabanya umuzenguruko ukora iyo inyuze muri npths kugirango ushyire ikibaho kuri chassis.
Nigute gusobanukirwa imyitozo ntoya bishobora guhindura igishushanyo cyawe no kugabanya ibiciro?
Mugusobanukirwa byibuze ingano yubunini bwa drice wahisemo gukora pcb, ufungura igikoresho cyawe cyiza cyo kuzigama. Niba utegura ikibaho gifite umwobo wa mm 0,15, ariko uruganda rwawe rusaba amafaranga menshi yo gucukura ikintu cyose kiri munsi ya mm 0.2, uba uta amafaranga. Mugukuza ibyo byobo byihariye kuri mm 0.2 cyangwa na 0.3 mm, uhita ugabanya ibiciro. Ugomba buri gihe gukoresha umwobo munini mugihe bishoboka kugirango inzira yose yo gucukura ihendutse kandi byihuse.
Byongeye kandi, ugomba gukomera kubunini busanzwe bwa drill mumushinga wawe wose. Aho kugirango ukoreshe uruvange rudasanzwe, ruvanze na 0,65 mm, 0,68 mm, na 0.7 mm umwobo, gusa uhuze byose hamwe mumyitozo isanzwe ya mm 0.7. Gukomatanya ingano yimyitozo bivuze ko imashini ya CNC ihagarara inshuro nke kugirango uhindure imyitozo.
Kuri Drillstar, dutanga ultra-precision Tungsten Ikomeye ya Carbide kubakora ibikoresho byumwihariko kuberako tuzi neza akamaro gakomeye imyitozo ikarishye, iramba kugirango inzira yo gucukura ikorwe neza. Kandi, gushora imari muburyo bukwiye Gutobora imashini isya ifasha amaduka manini cyane kugumya gukata kumyitozo yabo. Hindura igishushanyo cyawe utekereza neza nkumukanishi uzakora imyitozo.
Kugirango umenye neza igishushanyo cya pcb cyagenze kumurongo witeranirizo, fata inzira ihamye yo guhitamo buri diameter ya drill. Buri gihe usige 0.1 mm kubintu bito hanyuma usige 0.2 mm kubiyobora binini mugihe urimo uringaniza ibyobo byanyuze mu mwobo, cyangwa nibindi binini nibiba ngombwa kugirango umenye neza. Uru ruto ruto rufasha kwemeza ko isonga izanyerera neza, kabone niyo isahani y'umuringa iba ndende cyane kurenza uruganda. Guhuza neza buri gihe ni bibi mugihe cyo guterana kwikora.
Buri gihe ugenzure amategeko yo gushushanya yatangajwe nuruganda rwawe. Kugenzura ingano wahisemo ugereranije nuruganda rwavuzwe rugereranije, cyane cyane niba urimo gushushanya imbaho. Menya neza ko vias zawe zose zifite impeta zumuringa zihagije zizengurutse umwobo. Niba imyitozo izerera hagati-hagati, impeta yoroheje y'umuringa izacika, yangiza uruziga rwose.
Ingano yimyitozo ikwiye yemeza amashanyarazi yizewe kumasahani yose. Mugukoresha neza ubunini bwimyitozo ngororamubiri hamwe nibisabwa bya drill, uremeza ko ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yawe bitagabanijwe gusa ahubwo binakorwa cyane mubyukuri. Ingamba zubwenge zubwenge zubaka isahani nziza, yizewe! Kuva kuri micro-drill ntoya kugeza kuremereyeSima ya Carbide Shyiramo ikoreshwa mu gukora imashini ya chassis, ibikoresho byuzuye ni umutima wumutima wo gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho.
Incamake: Ibyingenzi byingenzi Kwibuka
- Carbide ni Umwami: Imyitozo isanzwe ya PCB ikozwe muri karbide ikomeye kugirango ihangane isahani ya fiberglass ikabije.
- Menya aho ugarukira: Ingano ntoya ya drill iboneka itegeka ubucucike bwawe; kugenda bito cyane bizongera ibiciro byo gukora no guca imyitozo.
- Ibintu Byukuri: Umwobo muto wimyitozo isaba kwihanganira byimazeyo kugirango imyitozo itazerera no guca umuzenguruko.
- Tekereza ku gipimo cya Aspect: Ibyobo byimbitse mubibaho binini biragoye kubisaza; komeza igipimo kiri munsi ya 10: 1 kugirango umenye umuringa wizewe imbere mu mwobo.
- Ibikoresho bisobanutse: Buri gihe kora umwobo wimyitozo byibuze mm 0,3 kurenza ibice biganisha kugirango winjize neza kandi ugurishe.
- Vias na Mounting: Koresha umwitozo muto kuri vias kugirango urinde ubusugire bwibimenyetso, ariko koresha imyitozo nini kuri npths kugirango wakire ibyuma byubaka neza.
- Hindura kugirango ubike: Komera kubunini busanzwe kugirango ugabanye ibikoresho kandi wirinde imitego isanzwe mugihe cyo gukora kugirango pcb yawe ikore nkuko byateganijwe.
