
Cobalt-based superalloys ikirasi yemhando yepamusoro-inoshanda esimbi zvakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza yakasarudzika simba remuchina, kugadzikana kwepasi, uye kushora kwekudzivirira pakupisa kwakanyanya, kazhinji kudarika kune uko nickel-based superalloys inotanga kupera simba. Iwo ibwe repakona zvinhu zvezvinhu zvakakosha munzvimbo dzinonyanya kudiwa, kunyanya mumhepo, maindasitiri gasi turbines, uye maimplants ekurapa.
Kuita kwavo kwepamusoro kunobva kune yakasimbiswa cobalt-chromium matrix uye yakakura vhoriyamu yakaoma, refractory carbide particles.
Yakasarudzika Yepamusoro-Tembiricha Simba: Cobalt alloys anoratidza yakakwirira kunyunguduka uye zviri nani kupisa kuoma uye kukambaira kuramba pane nickel alloys patembiricha iri pamusoro pe1000°C (1832°F). Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanoramba kupfava uye deformation pasi pekunetseka padhuze-kunyungudika-nzvimbo tembiricha.
Kunyanya Kupfeka & Kuramba Kupokana: Kuoma kwavo kwekuzvarwa, kunowanzo wedzerwa netiweki yeakaomeswa carbides, inopa yakanakisa kuramba kune abrasive kupfeka, adhesive kupfeka (galling), uye kunetseka. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive zvakanaka kune zvikumbiro zvinotarisa kupfeka.
Yakanakisa Kupisa Corrosion & Oxidation Resistance: Iyo yakakwira chromium yemukati (kazhinji pamusoro pe20%) inoumba inodzivirira, inonamatira chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) chiyero chinopokana nekushatisa mu oxidizing uye sulfidizing atmospheres.
Superior Thermal Fatigue Resistance: Vanogona kumira zvakadzokororwa kutenderera kwekudziya uye kutonhora pasina kutsemuka, chinhu chakakosha chemidziyo senge turbine vanes.
Kuita kwecobalt superalloys kunotorwa kubva kune akati wandei akakosha nzira:
Solid-Solution Kusimbisa: Zvinhu zvakaita se tungsten (W) uye molybdenum (Mo) inonyungudika mu cobalt matrix, zvichitadzisa kufamba.
Carbide Precipitation: Kuumbwa kweakaoma carbides (semuenzaniso, Cr₇C₃, Cr₂₃C₆, WC, TaC) mukati meiyo microstructure inopa kuramba kwakakura kukambaira nekupfeka. Saizi, mhando, uye kugovera kweaya macarbides akakosha pakuita.
Iyo Cobalt Allotropy: Cobalt inopinda chikamu shanduko pakudziya, uye hunhu uhu hunoshandiswa kuwedzera zvivakwa kuburikidza nekupisa kurapwa uye thermo-mechanical processing.
Cobalt-based superalloys yakakosha mumashandisirwo uko kutadza isiri sarudzo.
Aerospace & Power Generation Turbines: Inoshandiswa kune zvakamira zvinhu senge:
Turbine Vanes & Nozzle Guide Vanes: Iko kune yakanyanya kupisa gasi tembiricha yakasangana uye inokambaira kuramba ndiyo yakakosha.
Industrial Wear Zvikamu: Hwaro hweStellite™ alloys, inoshandiswa ku:
Mavharuvhu Zvigaro & Cheka mune yakakwirira-kudzvanywa, yakakwirira-tembiricha mavharuvhu.
Hardfacing Waya & Tsvimbo dzekupfeka dzakakosha kupfeka nzvimbo pamidziyo nemichina.
Pombi Sleeves, Shafts, uye mapanga ekuchekesa.
Medical Implants: Inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemapfupa (kunyanya kune simbi-pa-metal inotakura nzvimbo) nekuda kwekunakisisa kwayo biocompatibility, kusapfeka kusaga, uye kushomeka kwemarara mumuviri wemunhu.
Tafura inotevera inopfupisa izvo zvakakosha zvekutarisa nekukurumidza:
| Feature | Tsanangudzo | Advantage |
| Base Element | Cobalt (Co), ine yakakwira Chromium (Cr) zvemukati. | Inopa iyo yakakosha matrix yekuita kwepamusoro-tembiricha kuita uye kusagadzikana kwekuora. |
| Zvinosimbisa Makiyi | Tungsten (W), Molybdenum (Mo), uye Carbon (C) yekugadzira carbide. | Inopa kusimba kwepamusoro-tembiricha, kukambaira kuramba, uye kupfeka kuramba. |
| Operating Temperature | Yakakwirira zvikuru, inodarika 1000°C (1832°F). | Inogonesa kushanda kweinjini yepamusoro uye kushanda munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa. |
| Key Properties | Kupisa Kuoma, Creep Resistance, Wear & Corrosion Resistance. | Musanganiswa wakasarudzika weiyo yakanyanya kuomarara sevhisi mamiriro. |
| Common Forms | Zvikamu zvekukandira, bhaa/ndiro yakagadzirwa, hupfu hweHIP, hardfacing alloys. | Kugadzirwa kwakasiyana-siyana kune ese ari maviri akaomarara ari pedyo-net-shape zvikamu uye ekudzivirira machira. |
| Primary Industries | Aerospace, Power Generation, Medical, Chemical & Petrochemical. | Zvinhu zvekusarudza uko kupisa kwakanyanya uye kupfeka zvinosangana. |
Muchidimbu, Cobalt-Yakavakirwa Superalloys zviri niche asi zvakakosha zvinhu zvinosundira miganhu yeinjiniya yekupisa. Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji inodhura uye yakaoma kudarika nickel superalloys, kushanda kwavo kusingaenzaniswi munzvimbo dzakananga-kunyanya kusimba kwepamusoro-tembiricha, kuneta kwekupisa, uye kusapfeka-kunochengetedza basa razvo rinokosha mune teknolojia yepamusoro.