
I-cobalt-based superalloys yiklasi yezixhobo zetsimbi ezisebenza kakhulu ezenzelwe ukugcina amandla akhethekileyo omatshini, ukuzinza komphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokubola kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, ahlala edlula lawo apho i-nickel-based superalloys iqala ukuba buthathaka. Zizinto ezisisiseko sembombo kumacandelo abalulekileyo kwezona ndawo zifunwa kakhulu, ngakumbi kwi-aerospace, iiinjini zegesi yemizi-mveliso, kunye nokufakelwa kwezonyango.
Ukusebenza kwabo okuphezulu kuphuma kwi-matrix ye-cobalt-chromium eyomeleziweyo kunye nomthamo ophezulu we-carbide particles ezinzima, ezichasayo.
Amandla aKhethekileyo oBubushushu obuphezulu: Ialloyi ze-cobalt zibonisa iindawo eziphezulu zokunyibilika kunye nobulukhuni obungcono bobushushu kunye nokumelana nokunyuka kune-nickel alloys kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-1000 ° C (1832 ° F). Oku kuthetha ukuba bayamelana nokuthamba kunye nokuguqulwa phantsi koxinzelelo kumaqondo obushushu akufutshane-kwindawo yokunyibilika.
UkuNxitywa okugqwesileyo kunye noKuxhathisa iGalling: Ubunzima babo bendalo, obuhlala buphuculwa yinethiwekhi yeekhabhide eziqinileyo, bubonelela ngokugqwesileyo ukuxhathisa ukunxitywa kwe-abrasive, ukunxiba okuncamathelayo (i-galling), kunye nokukhathaza. Oku kubenza balungele izicelo ezijongene nokunxiba.
Okugqwesileyo okuHotyo kokuTshayo kunye noKuchasana ne-Oxidation: Umxholo ophezulu we-chromium (kaninzi ngaphezu kwe-20%) wenza isikali esikhuselayo, esibambelelayo se-chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) esixhathisa ukuthotywa kwi-oxidizing kunye ne-sulfidizing atmospheres.
Ukumelana nokuFaneka okuPhakamileyo kweThermal: Banokumelana nemijikelo ephindaphindiweyo yokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ipropathi ebalulekileyo yamacandelo afana ne-vanes ye-turbine.
Ukusebenza kwe-cobalt superalloys kuthathwe kwiindlela ezininzi eziphambili:
Ukuqiniswa kweSolution eSolid: Izinto ezifana ne-tungsten (W) kunye ne-molybdenum (Mo) inyibilika kwi-matrix ye-cobalt, ukuthintela ukunyakaza kwe-dislocation.
I-Carbide Precipitation: Ukwenziwa kwee-carbides ezinzima (umzekelo, i-Cr₇C₃, i-Cr₂₃C₆, i-WC, i-TaC) kuyo yonke i-microstructure inikezela ukuxhathisa okukhulu ekukhambeni kunye nokunxiba. Ubungakanani, uhlobo, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwezi carbides kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni.
I-Cobalt Allotropy: I-Cobalt ingena kwinguqu yesigaba ekufudumezeni, kwaye olu phawu lusetyenziswa ukunyusa iipropati ngonyango lobushushu kunye nokulungiswa kwe-thermo-mechanical.
I-superalloys esekwe kwi-Cobalt iyimfuneko kwizicelo apho ukusilela kungeyondlela yokukhetha.
I-Aerospace kunye neeTurbine zokuVelisa amandla: Isetyenziselwa izinto ezimileyo ezifana:
IiVanes ze-Turbine kunye ne-Nozzle Guide Vanes: Apho awona maqondo obushushu aphezulu erhasi adibana nawo kwaye ukuxhathisa kwe-creep kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izahlulo ze-Industrial Wear: Isiseko se-Stellite™ alloys, esetyenziselwa:
Izihlalo zeValve & Ukunquma kwi-high-pressure, i-high-temperature valves.
Iingcingo eziqinileyo kunye neentonga zokwambathisa iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokunxiba kwizixhobo kunye noomatshini.
Imikhono yokumpompa, iiShafti, kunye neemela zokusika.
Ukufakelwa kwezoNyango: Kusetyenziswa kukufakelwa kwe-orthopedic (ingakumbi kwisinyithi-kwi-metal-bearing surfaces) ngenxa ye-biocompatibility yabo egqwesileyo, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, kunye nokumelana nokubola emzimbeni womntu.
Le theyibhile ilandelayo ishwankathela iimpawu eziphambili zojongo olukhawulezayo:
| Uphawu | Inkcazo | Inzuzo |
| Isiseko seNqaku | I-Cobalt (Co), enomxholo ophezulu weChromium (Cr). | Ibonelela nge-matrix esisiseko yokusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nomhlwa. |
| Abomelezi abaphambili | I-Tungsten (W), i-Molybdenum (Mo), kunye neCarbon (C) yokwenza i-carbide. | Inika amandla obushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukukhasa, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. |
| Ubushushu bokusebenza | Iphakame kakhulu, igqwese ngaphezu kwe-1000°C (1832°F). | Inika amandla ukusebenza kwe-injini ephezulu kunye nokusebenza kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo. |
| Iimpawu eziphambili | Ukuqina okushushu, ukuxhathisa, ukuNxitywa kunye nokuxhathisa ukuMhlwa. | Inhlanganisela ekhethekileyo yeemeko zenkonzo ezinzima kakhulu. |
| Iifom eziqhelekileyo | Amacandelo e-Cast, ibha eyenziwe / ipleyiti, umgubo we-HIP, i-alloys enzima. | Imveliso eguquguqukayo kuzo zombini iindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezikufutshane ne-net-shape kunye neengubo ezikhuselayo. |
| Amashishini aseprayimari | I-Aerospace, isiZukulwana saMandla, uNyango, uMchiza kunye nePetrochemical. | Izinto ezikhethiweyo apho ubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokunxiba kuhlangana. |
Ngamafutshane, IiSuperalloys ezisekelwe kwiCobalt zizixhobo ezinqabileyo kodwa ezibalulekileyo ezityhala imida yobunjineli bobushushu obuphezulu. Ngelixa kaninzi zibiza kakhulu kwaye zixinene kune-nickel superalloys, ukusebenza kwazo okungahambelaniyo kwiindawo ezithile-ingakumbi amandla obushushu obuphezulu kakhulu, ukudinwa kwe-thermal, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba-ikhusela indima yabo ebalulekileyo kwitekhnoloji ephezulu.