
I-iron-based esetyenzisiweyo i-alloys yobushushu obuphezulu yiklasi yezixhobo zetsimbi ezinentsimbi (Fe) njengeyona nto iphambili, eyenzelwe ukugcina amandla omatshini kunye nokuchasana nokuthotywa (njenge-oxidation) kumaqondo okushisa aphakamileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lwe-540 ° C ukuya kwi-760 ° C (1000 ° F ukuya kwi-1400 ° F). Ukutyunjwa "okwenziwayo" kubonisa ukuba zibunjwe ziinkqubo ze-thermomechanical ezifana nokuqengqeleka okushushu, ukubunjwa, okanye ukukhupha, okucokisa i-microstructure yabo ukubonelela indibaniselwano efanelekileyo yamandla, i-ductility, kunye ne- fabricability.
Zisebenza njengesisombululo esingabizi kakhulu kwaye siguquguquka kakhulu kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zobushushu obuphezulu, ukuvala umsantsa wokusebenza phakathi kweentsimbi ezingenasici kunye ne-nickel ebiza kakhulu okanye i-cobalt-based superalloys.
Amandla obushushu obuphezulu obuphezulu kunye nokuchasana kweCreep: Baxhathisa i-deformation kunye nokucotha, ukunyanzeliswa kwexesha elixhomekeke kwixesha (i-creep) phantsi komthwalo womatshini kumaqondo okushisa aphakamileyo, nangona umda wabo wokushisa ophezulu ungaphantsi ngokubanzi kune-nickel-based superalloys.
I-Oxidation egqwesileyo kunye ne-Corrosion Resistance: Into ephambili kukukwazi kwabo ukwenza i-chromia ekhuselayo, ehambelanayo (i-Cr₂O₃) isikali kumphezulu, ngenxa yomxholo we-chromium ephezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo i-12-28%). Amabakala amaninzi akwanesilicon (Si) kunye ne-aluminiyam (Al) ukwenza izikali ezizinzileyo ngakumbi.
Iindleko-zokusebenza: Ngokusekwe kwi-matrix yentsimbi, zibiza kakhulu ngaphantsi kwe-nickel okanye ezinye iindlela ezisekelwe kwi-cobalt, ezenza zibe yimathiriyeli yokuzikhethela kwizicelo ezinkulu okanye ezingabizi kakhulu.
Ukwenziwa Okulungileyo: Ubume babo bokwenziwa buthetha ukuba banokubunjwa ngokulula, benziwe ngoomatshini, kwaye badityaniswe kwizinto ezintsonkothileyo kusetyenziswa iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso.
Ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu kwezi alloys kuphunyezwa ngeendlela ezininzi ze-synergistic:
Ukuqiniswa kwesisombululo esiqinileyo: Izinto ezifana ne-molybdenum (Mo), i-tungsten (W), kunye ne-chromium (i-Cr) inyibilika kwi-matrix yentsimbi, ukuthintela ukunyakaza kwe-dislocation kunye nokubonelela amandla asisiseko.
Ukuqiniswa kweCarbide Precipitation: Ukuqulunqwa kwee-carbides ezizinzile (umzekelo, i-M₂₃C₆, i-MC, apho i-M i-Cr, i-Mo, i-Nb) kwimida yengqolowa kwaye ngaphakathi kweenkozo inceda ukubethelela ukuchithwa kunye nemida yeenkozo, ukuqinisa amandla kunye nokuxhathisa ukukhasa.
I-Nitride kunye neCarbonitride Precipitation: Kwii-alloys ezithile, izinto ezifana ne-niobium (Nb) kunye ne-titanium (Ti) zenza i-nitrides emihle okanye i-carbonitrides enika ukomeleza okongeziweyo kwemvula.
Ukuzinza kweMicrostructural: Iingqungquthela ze-alloy zilungelelanise ukuxhathisa ukuqina kwezi zigaba zokuqinisa kunye nokwakheka kweekhompawundi ezinobungozi ze-intermetallic ngexesha elide lokuvezwa kobushushu.
Iialloyi zobushushu obuphezulu obusekwe kwintsimbi ngamahashe okusebenza kuwo onke amashishini amaninzi:
Isiveliso saMandla:
IiBladi zeTurbine kunye neeDiskhi kwiiinjini zomphunga kunye nezigaba zobushushu obusezantsi kwiiinjini zegesi.
IBoiler Tubing, Superheater & Reheater Tubes, kunye nokutshintsha ubushushu kwizityalo zamandla efosili.
Iimoto:
Izindlu zeTurbocharger (iZindlu zeTurbine) ekufuneka zimelane namaqondo obushushu erhasi ephumayo.
I-Exhaust Manifolds kunye ne-downpipes.
Iziko loShishino kunye noNyango loBubushushu:
Imibhobho ekhazimlayo, iMuffles, iiTreyi, kunye neebhaskithi ezisetyenziselwa ukungcwatywa, ukufunxa, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokunyanga ubushushu.
I-Petrochemical & Refinition:
Iityhubhu zeekhoyili zesithando somlilo kunye nemibhobho yenkqubo yobushushu obuphezulu kwimisinga kwi-catalytic crackers kunye nabahlaziyi.
Le theyibhile ilandelayo ishwankathela iimpawu eziphambili zojongo olukhawulezayo:
| Uphawu | Inkcazo | Inzuzo |
| Isiseko seNqaku | Intsimbi (Fe), ngokuphezulu I-Chromium (Cr) umxholo. | Ibonelela ngesiseko esinexabiso elisebenzayo kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation yendalo. |
| Indlela Yokuvelisa | I-Thermomechanical Processing (i-Hot Rolling, Forging). | Iziphumo kwifomu efanayo, i-fine-grained structure kunye ne-ductility enhle kunye nokuqina. |
| Abomelezi abaphambili | Isisombululo esiqinileyo (Mo, W); Carbides (Cr, Nb, Mo). | Inika indibaniselwano elungeleleneyo yamandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nokuzinza kwe-microstructural. |
| Uluhlu lobushushu | Ukusebenza kakuhle ukuya kuthi ga kwi-760°C (1400°F). | Uzalisa umsantsa obalulekileyo wokusebenza phakathi kweentsimbi eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-nickel superalloys. |
| UNcedo oluPhambili | Ibhalansi efanelekileyo yokusebenza, ukwenziwa, kunye neendleko. | Esona sisombululo sinoqoqosho kwinani elikhulu lemingeni yobunjineli bobushushu obuphezulu. |
| Ii-alloys eziqhelekileyo kunye neentlobo | I-Austenitic (umzekelo, 304H, 316H, 321H, 347H); Ferritic (umzekelo, 446); Imvula-Kuqina (umzekelo, A-286, 17-4PH). | Ibonelela ngokhetho olubanzi lobushushu obahlukeneyo, amandla, kunye neemfuno zomhlwa. |
Ngamafutshane, I-Iron-Based Wriught High-Temperature Alloys luludidi olusisiseko noluguquguqukayo lwemathiriyeli eyenza ukuba inxalenye enkulu yobunjineli banamhlanje bobushushu obuphezulu. Uphuhliso lwabo lubonisa ukulungelelaniswa kobuchule kweendleko kunye nokusebenza, okubenza babe yimfuneko kwizicelo ezisuka kwimoto yosapho ukuya kwindawo yombane enikezela ngombane wayo.