Ngaba ukhe wazibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emva kokucofa iqhosha elithi "Cycle Start"? Xa ucofa iqhosha eliluhlaza "CYCLE QALA" kwipaneli yokusebenza, isixhobo somatshini siqala ukuhamba ngokwenkqubo. Yonke le nkqubo ibonakala "inomlingo" - kodwa emva kwayo yinkqubo engqongqo kakhulu esebenzisanayo: enye icandelo lifunda inkqubo, enye iguqula imiyalelo ibe ziimpawu zombane, enye iqhubela imoto ukuba ijikelezise, enye ngokuqhubekayo ibona ingxelo yesikhundla, kwaye enye ilawula ukupholisa kunye nokutshintsha isixhobo…
Ezi "zamacandelo athile" ziinkqubo ezingundoqo ezintlanu zezixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC. Ukuqonda ezi nkqubo zintlanu akukhona nje ukwanelisa umdla - xa isixhobo somatshini sidiliza, unokugweba ngokungqongqo ukuba yeyiphi ikhonkco ingxaki ekuyo; xa ufunda ulwazi olunzulu, uya kuba nesakhelo esicacileyo sokuqonda umxholo omtsha.
Inkqubo ye-1: Isixhobo se-CNC (uMlawuli we-CNC) - "Ingqondo" yeSixhobo soMshini
(Umthombo womfanekiso: Siemens) Isixhobo se-CNC sisisiseko salo lonke isixhobo somatshini, into esiyibiza ngokuba yi "CNC system" okanye umlawuli weCNC. Inkqubo yokusebenza kwayo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ukufunda inkqubo: Funda inkqubo yeNC kwimemori, ikhadi leCF okanye ujongano lwenethiwekhi
Ukuchonga: "Guqulela" imiyalelo efana nekhowudi ye-G kunye nekhowudi ye-M kwidatha enokuthi isistim iqhubekeke ngaphakathi
Ubalo lwe-interpolation: Ngokwemiyalelo yentshukumo, bala ukuba i-axis nganye kufuneka ihambe kangakanani kwiyunithi yexesha ngalinye (esi sesona sibalo siphambili - ukubola “ukusuka kwindawo A ukuya kwindawo B” ukuya kumanyathelo amancinane angenakubalwa)
Ukukhupha imiyalelo yokulawula: Thumela inani lentshukumo ye-axis nganye kwinkqubo ye-servo ngendlela yemiqondiso yombane.
Ukulungelelanisa imisebenzi encedisayo: Lawula imisebenzi yekhowudi ye-M efana nesantya sokujikeleza, utshintsho lwesixhobo, kunye nokupholisa
Isixhobo se-CNC asenzeli inkqubo ngokuzenzekela kuphela, kodwa sikwafumana ingxelo yexesha lokwenyani ukusuka kwi-axis nganye kwaye ilungisa ukutenxa kwentshukumo nangaliphi na ixesha. Iphaneli yokusebenza kunye nescreen esiboniswayo oqhele ukusibona kwisixhobo somatshini lujongano lwekhompyuter yomntu kwisixhobo se-CNC - ungenisa iinkqubo, uguqule iiparamitha, kwaye ujonge ulungelelwaniso kulo lonke ujongano ukunxibelelana nesixhobo seCNC.
Inkqubo yesi-2: Inkqubo yeServo - "Izihlunu" zeSixhobo soMatshini
Isixhobo se-CNC sikhupha umyalelo othi "i-X-axis ihamba nge-0.001mm", kodwa lo myalelo kufuneka uguqulwe ube yintshukumo yangempela yomatshini yinkqubo ye-servo. (Umthombo womfanekiso: FANUC)
Inkqubo ye-servo inamacandelo amabini:
I-Servo Drive: Ifumana isignali yolawulo ethunyelwe sisixhobo se-CNC, iyakhulisa, kwaye iyiguqule ibe ngamandla ombane ukuqhuba i-motor. Ilingana nokuchaneka "i-amplifier yamandla".
I-Servo Motor: Iguqula amandla ombane abe yintshukumo ejikelezayo yoomatshini. Umahluko phakathi kwe-servo motor kunye nemoto eqhelekileyo kukuba i-servo motor ine-encoder eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi, enokulawula ngokuchanekileyo i-angle yokujikeleza, kwaye isantya sokuphendula sikhawuleza kakhulu - inokuqala, imise okanye itshintshe isantya kwi-milliseconds.
Izixhobo zoomatshini be-CNC zihlala zineseti ezininzi zeenkqubo ze-servo:
I-servo enye yokutya kwi-X-axis nganye, i-Y-axis, kunye ne-Z-axis: Ilawula intshukumo yesixhobo kunye netafile yokusebenza.
I-Spindle servo: Ilawula isantya sokujikeleza se-spindle (isixhobo)
Ingqwalasela ye-servo ye-spindle kunye ne-feed servo ihluke kancinci: i-servo yokutya ilandelela ukuchaneka kwesikhundla (ixabiso lokuhamba kufuneka lichaneke), kwaye i-spindle servo ilandelela ukuzinza kwesantya (isantya kufuneka sibe rhoqo ngexesha lokusika, kwaye ayikwazi ukuguquguquka ngenxa yokutshintsha kwamandla okusika). Kwizixhobo zomatshini we-five-axis, kukho iiseti ezongezelelweyo ezimbini zeenkqubo ze-servo zokulawula ii-axes ezijikelezayo (i-A / B / C axes), kwaye kunokubakho iiseti ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-6 ze-servos ezisebenza ngexesha elifanayo.
Inkqubo yesi-3: Isixhobo soMshini woMzimba weMechanical - I-Skeleton kunye namaHlathi
I-servo motor ivelisa intshukumo ejikelezayo, kodwa isixhobo somatshini senza intshukumo yomda kunye nokuma okujikelezayo kwesixhobo. Kuyimfuneko ukuguqula ukujikeleza kwemoto ibe yintshukumo echanekileyo yeendawo ezahlukeneyo zesixhobo somatshini, esixhomekeke kumzimba womatshini. Amalungu angundoqo omzimba womatshini:
Ibhedi / isakhelo: Isakhiwo esisisiseko sesixhobo somatshini, ngokuqhelekileyo senziwe ngentsimbi yentsimbi okanye ipleyiti yentsimbi edibeneyo. Ibhedi elungileyo inokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokungcangcazela okuhle, eyona nto isisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokusebenza. (Imigca emibini kunye nomatshini omnye onzima we-axis emithathu)
Isikhokelo somgca / Indlela: "Umzila" okhokela i-worktable kunye nentloko ye-spindle ukuhamba ngendlela ethile. Amaziko omatshini anamhlanje ngokubanzi amkela izikhokelo zokuqengqeleka ezingqameneyo, ezinokukhuhlana okuncinci, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nokuphendula ngokukhawuleza. Izixhobo zoomatshini ezichanekileyo ziya kusebenzisa izikhokelo ze-hydrostatic malunga nokukhuhlana okuphantse ukuba ngu-zero.
Ibhola Screw: Inxalenye engundoqo eguqula intshukumo ejikelezayo ye-servo motor ibe yintshukumo yomgama wetafile yokusebenza. Isikrufu sebhola sihambisa amandla ngokuqengqeleka kweebhola zentsimbi zangaphakathi, ezinokhuhlane oluncinci kakhulu, kwaye zinokufikelela kwinqanaba lokuchaneka kokuma kwemicron.
I-Spindle: Inxalenye engundoqo ebamba isixhobo kwaye ijikeleze ngesantya esiphezulu. Ukuchaneka (i-runout) ye-spindle ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuchaneka kokucubungula, kwaye isantya esiphezulu se-spindle sinquma isantya onokuthi usebenze ngaso. Iispindles ezinesantya esiphezulu zinokufikelela kwi-40,000 rpm okanye nangaphezulu. (Umthombo womfanekiso: Luoyi)
Inkqubo yesi-4: Ukufunyanwa kunye neNkqubo yeNgxelo - Amehlo okuLawula iLoop-Loop
Le yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu abaninzi abaqalayo abangazi kakhulu ngayo. Inkqubo ye-CNC ixelela i-servo motor ukuba "ijikeleze ukujika kwe-10", kodwa yazi njani ukuba i-motor iye yajikeleza ngokuthe ngqo ukujika kwe-10? Ingaba isixhobo siwuhambile ngenene umgama obucelileyo? Ithembela kwinkqubo yokufumanisa kunye nempendulo, umsebenzi wayo kukulinganisa indawo yangempela ngexesha langempela kwaye uyibuyisele kwisixhobo se-CNC, ivumela inkqubo ukuba ilungise ngokuzenzekelayo ukuphambuka ngokwempazamo.
Lo mjikelo “wokukhupha imiyalelo → ukuphumeza → ukufumana awona maxabiso achanekileyo → ukuthelekisa iinxaxhi → ukulungisa imiyalelo” kuthiwa lulawulo olululophu oluvaliweyo, oluyindlela engundoqo yokuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwe-CNC.
Kukho iindidi ezimbini zamacandelo asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo:
I-Rotary Encoder: Ifakwe kwi-servo motor shaft ukubona i-engile yokujikeleza kwemoto. Kuba ibona isiphelo senjini endaweni yesiphelo sokusebenza, kusekho iimpazamo ezinje nge-screw elastic deformation, eyeyolawulo lwe-semi-closed-loop. Uninzi lwamaziko omatshini amkela esi sikimu, kwaye ukuchaneka kokubeka ngokuqhelekileyo yi-±0.005 ~ 0.01mm.
Isikali somgca: Ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo ecaleni komgaqo kaloliwe wesixhobo somatshini ukulinganisa eyona ndlela yokufuduswa komgca wetafile yokusebenza. Ngenxa yokuba ilinganisa ngokuthe ngqo indawo yetafile yokusebenza, isusa iimpazamo kwiikhonkco zothumelo ezifana ne-screw yebhola, yolawulo oluvaliweyo lwe-loop ngokuchaneka okuphezulu (ukuya ku-± 0.001mm). Izixhobo zomatshini ezichanekileyo eziphezulu kunye nezixhobo zomatshini ezichanekileyo ezintlanu zixhotyiswe ngokubanzi ngezikali zomgca. (RENISHAW isikali somgca)
Inkqubo yesi-5: Inkqubo eNcedisayo yoMsebenzi-Ukuvumela iSixhobo sikaMatshini ukuba "sisebenze"
Iinkqubo ezine zokuqala kunye ziqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sinokuhamba ngokuchanekileyo. Kodwa ukugqiba ngokwenene ukuqhubekeka, uthotho lwemisebenzi encedisayo iyafuneka:
I-Automatic Tool Changer (ATC): Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kumaziko omatshini. Imagazini yesixhobo igcina izixhobo ezininzi, kwaye i-manipulator igqiba ngokuzenzekelayo yonke inkqubo ngexesha lokutshintsha isixhobo, ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha imizuzwana embalwa. Umthamo wemagazini yesixhobo usukela kwi-8 ukuya ngaphezulu kwezixhobo ze-100.
Inkqubo yokupholisa: Ubushushu obuninzi buveliswa phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza ngexesha lokucubungula. Isipholisi sinoxanduva lokupholisa, ukuthambisa kunye nokususwa kwetshiphu. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukupholisa kwangaphandle kokutshiza, ukupholisa kwangaphakathi (ukutshiza ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokusika ngokusebenzisa i-spindle kunye ne-tool center hole), njl.
I-Pneumatic/Hydraulic System: Isetyenziselwa izenzo ezifuna amandla amakhulu anje ngeendawo zokusebenza ezibambayo, iintshukumo zokutshintsha isixhobo, kunye nokukhululwa kwesixhobo sokusonta.
I-PLC (i-Programmable Logic Controller): Isixhobo se-CNC silawula kuphela ukulawulwa kwentshukumo, ngelixa inani elikhulu lokulawula ubuninzi bokutshintsha kwisixhobo somatshini (utshintsho lwesixhobo, ukutshintshwa kwe-coolant, ukuvala umnyango wokukhusela, njl.) ziphathwa yi-PLC eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. I-PLC kunye nesixhobo se-CNC ziyasebenzisana ukwenza inkqubo epheleleyo yokulawula isixhobo somatshini.
Ukuhamba koMqondiso kwiiNkqubo eziNto eziHlanu (Qonda ngokukrwaqula)
Inkqubo yokusebenza yenkqubo yonke inokuqondwa ngekhonkco lomqondiso: le nto yonke into eyenzekayo emva kokuba "ucinezele ukuqala komjikelezo", inkqubo echanekileyo yokulawula i-loop evaliweyo ephindaphinda amawaka ezihlandlo ngesibini.
Intshayelelo kwi-Mainstream CNC System Brands
Emva kokuqonda indima yesixhobo se-CNC, makhe sazi iimpawu eziphambili kwiimarike:
I-FANUC: Uphawu lwaseJapan olunelona sabelo sikhulu semarike yehlabathi kunye nezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuhlala kwiifektri zasekhaya. Inkqubo izinzile kwaye inokwethenjelwa, kunye ne-ecosystem epheleleyo yobugcisa, okwenza kube yinto yokuqala yokukhetha ukufunda kwinqanaba lokungena (imizekelo yokusebenza elandelayo kolu chungechunge iya kugxila kakhulu kwi-FANUC).
I-Siemens SINUMERIK: Uphawu lwaseJamani, uqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo lwezixhobo zomatshini zaseYurophu. I-SINUMERIK ENYE yinkqubo yokufakela isixhobo somatshini ophezulu kunye nemisebenzi enamandla kunye nenkxaso epheleleyo ye-axis emihlanu, kodwa i-curve yokufunda iphezulu. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zeemoto zasekhaya kunye ne-aerospace.
I-Heidenhain TNC: Uphawu lwaseJamani olugxininise kumaziko omatshini wokugaya, kunye nenkxaso ephuculweyo ye-axis ye-axis emihlanu, kunye nodumo oluphezulu kwi-aerospace kunye neendawo zokubumba ezichanekileyo.
Iimpawu zasekhaya ziye zakhula ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye abameli abaphambili ngaba balandelayo:
| Uphawu | Inkampani eManyeneyo | Eyona nto iluncedo | Ukuma kweMarike | Inkxaso ye-Axis emihlanu |
| Uhlobo lweHuazhong 9 | Huazhong CNC | I-CPU yasekhaya, ezimeleyo kwaye iyalawuleka | Isiphelo esiphakathi ukuya-phantsi, ukutshintshwa kwasekhaya | Ngokubanzi |
| GSK | Guangzhou CNC | Inzuzo yexabiso, izibonelelo ezixhasayo ezipheleleyo | Izixhobo zoomatshini bezoqoqosho | Ngokubanzi |
| Kede GNC62 | Kede CNC | Unxibelelaniso lwe-axis emihlanu kunye ne-turn-mill composite processing | Imakethi ephakathi ukuya phezulu | Kulungile |
| Syntec | Iteknoloji yeSyntec | Ukuhambelana okuqinileyo kweCAM, ujongano olusebenziseka lula | Embindini, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwintsimi ye-axis emihlanu | Kulungile |
Ugqaliselo oluKhethekileyo: Inkqubo yeSyntec — Amandla angundoqo weDomestic Five-Axis
Phakathi kweenkqubo ezininzi zasekhaya ze-CNC, i-Syntec isebenze ngokukodwa kwindawo yokusetyenzwa kwe-axis emihlanu kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwaye iye yaba yenye yeenkqubo ezinomgangatho ophezulu wofakelo wezixhobo zoomatshini basekhaya abane-axis emihlanu.
Iingenelo eziphambili ze-Syntec zezi: ukuhambelana okunamandla kakhulu kwesoftware yeCAM, ukuxhasa imveliso yasemva kwenkqubo phantse yonke isoftware yeCAM eqhelekileyo; Ikhowudi ye-G ngokusisiseko iyahambelana neenkqubo ze-FANUC CNC, ujongano lokusebenza lusebenziseka lula kubaqalayo, kwaye iindleko zokufunda ziphantsi kunezo zeenkqubo zemveli zaseYurophu nezaseMelika; kwangaxeshanye, yenza ngokuzinzileyo kwimisebenzi ephambili efana ne-five-axis RTCP kunye nolawulo lwe-axis yesixhobo, nto leyo esisizathu esibalulekileyo sokuba inani elikhulu labavelisi bezixhobo zoomatshini abahlanu bakhetha i-Syntec njengenkqubo yoqwalaselo eqhelekileyo.
Ukuba wena okanye inkampani yakho iceba ukuthenga isixhobo somatshini wasekhaya we-axis emihlanu, okanye ufuna ukuqonda imeko yophuhliso lweenkqubo zasekhaya, unokunikela ingqalelo kwinkqubo yeSyntec, enezixhobo zokufunda ezininzi kwi-Intanethi. Kwimiboniso esebenzayo elandelayo yolu ngcelele, siya kuqwalasela ukongeza imizekelo yokusebenza yenkqubo yeSyntec.
Isishwankathelo seli Nqaku
· Isixhobo se-CNC: Ingqondo, efunda iinkqubo, yenza izibalo zokuguqulela, kwaye ikhuphe imiyalelo yentshukumo.
· I-Servo System: Izihlunu, eziqhuba intshukumo echanekileyo ye-axis motor nganye
· Umzimba kaMechanical: Amathambo, kuquka ibhedi, isikhokelo sikaloliwe, isikrufu sebhola, kunye nokusonta
#CNCMachineTools #CNCCoreSystems #FANUCSiemens #FiveAxisMachining #SyntecSystem #CNCTechnology #CNCMachining
