UShishino lweZithuthi luTshintsha njani iMoto

Ihlabathi lezothutho litshintsha iigiya ngokukhawuleza kunangaphambili. Ukusuka kuyilo lwemveli lokutsha lwangaphakathi ukuya koololiwe abaqhubela phambili bombane, ukuqonda indlela esakha ngayo isithuthi sale mihla kubaluleke kakhulu. Eli nqaku lifanelekile ukuba lifundwe kuba liqhekeza lonke ikhonkco lokubonelela, impembelelo enzulu ye-automation, kunye nezixhobo ezingqongqo ezifunekayo ukuphumelela kweli candelo eliphezulu. Ukuba ufuna ivenkile yakho ihlale ikhuphisana, kuya kufuneka uqonde amantongomane kunye neebholiti zeshishini leemoto elikhawulezayo lanamhlanje. Umzi mveliso weemoto wanamhlanje ufuna ukuchaneka okugqithisileyo, kwaye ukwazi ukuba ezi ziqwenga zidibana njani kukunika umda owahlukileyo.

Imveliso yobuninzi yabumba njani ishishini leemoto lokuqala?

I uphuhliso lwemoto itshintshe uluntu lwanamhlanje ngonaphakade. Ngaphambi kwe ukunyuka kwemoto yabamba intelekelelo yoluntu, iinzame zangaphambili ezifana nokuqhutywa ngomphunga iimoto umphunga kwaye kunzima izithuthi zomphunga ezulazula ezitratweni. Nangona kunjalo, zazinobunkunkqele obumangalisayo, ziyingozi, kwaye zingenamsebenzi kakhulu kumntu oqhelekileyo. Kwakungekho de oovulindlela bathanda imoto ye-Ford yaziswa yinyani imveliso ngobuninzi ukuba izinto zahamba. Oku kwakha ngokupheleleyo ishishini elitsha igxile ngokupheleleyo kwivolumu, isantya, kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo.

Ngokusebenzisa ngokuzenzekelayo iimveliso ezisemgangathweni, imizi-mveliso inako ukuvelisa imoto ngeqhezu lemveli, iindleko ezenziwe ngesandla. Ukubekwa emgangathweni yaba litikiti legolide ngokupheleleyo kwiifektri zakuqala. Endaweni yokuba amagcisa afake isandla kwilungu ngalinye, abasebenzi bavele badibanise iziqwenga ezifanayo kumgca oshukumayo. Oku kubalulekile ukubekwa emgangathweni kwakuthetha oko kwangethuba abavelisi beemoto inokwehla amaxabiso kakhulu, isenza ukuba iimoto zifikeleleke kwiintsapho zemihla ngemihla.

Namhlanje, yanamhlanje umenzi wemoto isathembele kakhulu kule migaqo ingundoqo. Nangona i iinkqubo zemveliso ziye zavela kakhulu ngeerobhothi eziphambili kunye nokuchaneka kwezixhobo zeCNC, injongo ihlala ifana: yakha ngokukhawuleza kwaye uyakhe ngokufanelekileyo. Njengoko uHenry Ford waphawula ngokudumileyo ekuqaleni uncwadi lweshishini, "Kukho umgaqo omnye wosomashishini kwaye oko kukuthi: Yenza olona mgangatho ubalaseleyo wempahla unakho ngelona xabiso liphantsi linokwenzeka."

Zeziphi iindima ezidlalwa ngamakhonkco obonelelo kwishishini leemoto?

Eyangoku ishishini leemoto ayisiyonto ngaphandle kokuqina kwayo amakhonkco okubonelela. Yiwebhu entsonkothileyo, eethe-ethe ye iinkampani kunye nemisebenzi ebandakanyekayo ekuguquleni intsimbi ekrwada ibe yimfeketho, ekhawulezayo imoto. Ukusuka kwimigodi ekhuselekileyo imathiriyeli ekrwada ukuya kwindibano yokugqibela emgangathweni, ulawulo lwekhonkco lonikezelo sisenzo esingagungqiyo socingo oluphezulu.

Ngamnye umthengisi kufuneka ihanjiswe ngexesha, ngalo lonke ixesha. Ibholithi enye elahlekileyo evela kwinto ebalulekileyo ababoneleli beenxalenye inethiwekhi inokumisa umzi-mveliso wezigidi ngezigidi zeedola. Kwi u.s, igosa ukusekwa yeekhowudi zokuhlela ezingqongqo njenge Inkqubo yokwahlulwa kweshishini laseMntla american (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi iinzipho system) inceda abezoqoqosho balandele le njini inkulu. I imboni yeemoto ibandakanya amawaka eefemu ezincinci, iivenkile zoomatshini, kunye nabenzi bezixhobo, hayi nje amagama amakhulu emizi.

Xa umphathi wokuthenga e-odola ibhetshi enkulu yokuchaneka okuphezuluI-Square CNC yokuguqula ifake, ziba yinto ebalulekileyo kuloo nto ikhonkco lexabiso. Ukuba ezo zixhobo ziyasilela kwangaphambi kwexesha okanye zilahlekelwe ngumphetho wazo, iyonke ukwenziwa kweemoto umgca uyema ngesiquphe. Kungenxa yoko le nto kanye ishishini leemoto lilonke ujonge kakhulu kulawulo olungqongqo lomgangatho kunye nobomi besixhobo obunokuxelwa kwangaphambili.

Ngoobani abenzi beemoto abahamba phambili kwaye baqhutywa yintoni?

Namhlanje abavelisi beemoto zinamandla emhlabeni jikelele. Sibona iimpawu zelifa njenge iinjini jikelele kwaye ikhrisler ukwabelana ngenqanaba lehlabathi kunye nezigebenga zemveliso zaseAsia ezifana iToyota kwaye iHyundai. Ngaphaya eYurophu, entsha iqela elitsha ityhala rhoqo imida yoyilo lobuhle. Ezi nkampani zikhulu ziqesha izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela.

Yintoni eneneni eqhuba a imoto enkulu inkampani namhlanje? Ngumxube onzima wokuqina imfuno yabathengi kunye noxinzelelo olunzima lolawulo. Ngamnye umenzi wemoto kungoku nje ibaleka ukuze ibambe ingeniso iimarike ezintsha. Kufuneka rhoqo ukuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi, olunomtsalane lwe izithuthi zendlela ukuhlala ufanelekile kubathengi abafuna iteknoloji yamva nje.

Olu khuphiswano luqatha noluqatha lunyanzela wonke umntu abenzi beemoto ukwenza izinto ezintsha rhoqo. Nokuba ibhodi ye iinkampani zeemoto uthatha isigqibo sokugxila kwii-sedans zodidi okanye ii-hatchbacks zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, i ishishini leemoto zehlabathi akabaxoleli ngenkohlakalo abo basilela ngasemva kwizinto ezibalulekileyo uphando kunye nophuhliso. Mhlawumbi uvelisa ikamva, okanye uphelelwe lixesha.

Ingaba imveliso yemoto iqhelana njani nezinto ezithandayo?

Iintlobo zezithuthi abantu abafuna ukuqhuba shift rhoqo ngenxa yokutshintsha ukhetho lwabathengi. Kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, umgangatho iimoto zabahambi ngokupheleleyo walawula indlela. Ngoku, inkulu suvs kwaye irhabaxa iilori ezilula lawula ngokupheleleyo kule mihla imarike yeemoto. Olu tshintsho lukhulu lunyanzelisa utshintsho olukhulu, olubiza kakhulu imveliso yemoto.

Ukwakha ngempumelelo ubunzima izithuthi eziluncedo okanye ezizodwa izithuthi zorhwebo, udinga izixhobo ze-chassis ezinamandla ngendlela emangalisayo. Oku ngokwemvelo kufuna umatshini onzima. I imveliso yemoto Umgca kufuneka ube lula kwaye ubhetyebhetye ngokwaneleyo ukuze uphathe la malungu makhulu kakhulu. Oku sikubona yonke imihla xa sinikezela ngezixhobo; imfuno yokusebenza okuphezulu Carbide Drills spikes ubundlavini xa iivenkile umsebenzi igiya ukuya ukuvelisa iibhloko ze-injini ezinkulu kunye nezixhobo ezinzima zokuxhoma.

Ngapha koko, nokuba umthengi ufuna i-compact umkhweli umkhweli okanye ilori enkulu, imveliso yemoto kufuneka ijike kakuhle ngaphandle kokuphulukana nokusebenza kakuhle komgca. Oku kuziqhelanisa kubalaseleyo luphawu lokwenyani lwempumelelo yale mihla ukwenziwa kweemoto.

Ngaba iimoto ezizimeleyo ziya kuyitshintsha ngokwenene inqwelo-mafutha?

Ngoku simi kanye eludinini lwe izithuthi ezizimeleyo ixesha. Ingcamango ye-sci-fi yokuziqhuba iimoto ezizimeleyo ukuhamba kakuhle kwizitrato zesixeko ezixakekileyo ngokukhawuleza kuba yinyani. Ikwinqanaba eliphezulu ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa ivumela i imoto "ukubona," ukuqikelela, kunye nokusabela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunaye nawuphi na umqhubi ongumntu.

Le teknoloji ye-groundbreaking ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi intanethi yezinto, apho izithuthi zinxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo enye kwenye kunye nesiseko sesixeko. Ngokupheleleyo izithuthi ezizimeleyo iya kubumba ngokutsha lonke ikamva izisombululo zokuhamba. Endaweni yokuba ngabanini ngokukhutheleyo iimoto ezintsha, abantu basezidolophini banokuthembela ngakumbi ukuhamba okwabelwanayo, ukutsibela ngokulula kwirobhothi xa ifunwa.

Olu tshintsho lukhulu oluya kuncedo ukwabelana ngemoto kunye ne-automation iinkonzo zokuhamba ingatshintsha i ishishini lemoto ngokusisiseko. Ukuba abantu bathenga iimoto zobuqu ezimbalwa, iyonke icandelo leemoto inokutshintshela kakhulu kwintengiso yezithuthi, iguqule ngokusisigxina ngokwesiko imarike yeemoto dynamics. Abathobekileyo imoto iguqula ibe yinkonzo, kunokuba ibe yimveliso epakiweyo ehleli kwindlela yokungena.

Kutheni le nto abavelisi bezixhobo bebalulekile ekwenzeni iimoto?

Awukwazi nje ukwakha ethembekileyo imoto ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. Uzinikele abenzi bezixhobo ngokuzolileyo unikeze umqolo obalulekileyo kuyo yonke ishishini leemoto. Ukusuka koomatshini abakhulu besitampu bentsimbi ukuya koomatshini abamangalisayo be-5-axis CNC abaqingqa ngononophelo amacandelo e-powertrain entsonkothileyo, ezi zixhobo ziyimfuneko ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuchaneka izixhobo zoomatshini ziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukujongana neemfuno ezingqongqo, ezingayekiyo ze imveliso yehlabathi. Kwakhona ngoku sibona ukunyuka okukhawulezayo imveliso eyongezelelweyo (okanye ngokulula ukongeza Iinkqubo zoshicilelo lwe-3D) ezincedisana kakhulu neendlela zemveli zokuthabatha. Oku kuvumela iinjineli ukuba zenze iprototyping ekhawulezileyo yenxalenye yejiyometri entsonkothileyo kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba bazibophelele ekusikeni isinyithi esipheleleyo.

Ezi teknoloji ziphezulu zikhusela amawaka abantu abanezakhono imisebenzi yokuvelisa ngokwenza iifektri zasekhaya zikhuphisane kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele. Xa savvy umenzi wemoto ngobuchule utyalo-mali kwi-high-end I-Triple-Blade (i-3-Flute) I-End Mill abasiki, bawanciphisa kakhulu amaxesha omjikelezo kwaye banyuse ngokuphawulekayo umda wabo wengeniso kuyo yonke into imoto bona ukuvelisa.

Zeziphi iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo elijongene nazo ishishini leemoto namhlanje?

Ubunzima iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo Ukuqhuba kwemihla ngemihla ngoku kuphantsi koqwalaselo olukhulu, kwihlabathi jikelele. Imbali yethu, ukuthembela kakhulu iimoto zeenjini zokutsha (ingakumbi abadala idizili iinjini) inyuse kakhulu iinkxalabo zokusingqongileyo yonke indawo. Ngenxa yoko, imibutho yezopolitiko ifuna uphuhliso oluzinzileyo iyangxola kwaye yomelele kunangaphambili.

• Ubusazi? Ngokutsho kutshanje izifundo zokusingqongileyo, ezothutho zibangela inxalenye enkulu yokukhutshwa kwegesi yobushushu emhlabeni.

Ukulwa ngempumelelo noku, i ishishini leemoto Usukela ngokungqongqo ukukhutshwa kwe-zero ekujoliswe kuko. Eyangoku isithuthi sombane revolution ngokungathandabuzekiyo apha. A eyilwe ngokufanelekileyo imoto yombane ivelisa ngokupheleleyo akukho kukhutshwa kombhobho. Oovulindlela kushishino bathanda uTesela kunye neenkwenkwezi ezinkulu ezikhulayo njenge byd bangqinisise ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba abathengi bafuna ngokunzulu ukhetho lwamandla acocekileyo.

Ukutshintsha kude nemveli idizili okanye igesi imoto kweyangoku isithuthi sombane utshintsha umdlalo wesixhobo se-CNC ngokupheleleyo. Ii-EV zineendawo ezimbalwa ezihambayo, kodwa ezo ndawo zikhethekileyo zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezikhaphukhaphu, ezinzima kakhulu kumatshini. Ukujongana ne-abrasive high-silicon aluminiyam kufuna okukhethekileyo Faka isamente Carbide izisombululo ukuba ukuvelisa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka.

Iifemu zeemoto zililawula njani isixokelelwano sexabiso soshishino lwemoto?

Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kubadlali. I ubuso boshishino lweemoto imiceli mngeni yolungiselelo emangalisayo kakhulu ngenxa yokuba yahlulahlulwe. SineNqanaba loku-1 elikhulu, inqanaba lesi-2, kunye nenqanaba lesi-3 umthengisi uthungelwano lusasazeke kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukufumana zonke ezi nxalenye kumgca wendibano kanye xa kuyimfuneko kungummangaliso wale mihla.

Enkulu abavelisi bezithuthi hlanganisa okokugqibela imoto, kodwa baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwizinto ezingenakubalwa ezincinci iifemu zeemoto kumacandelo ngamanye. I ishishini leemoto isebenza njengendawo enkulu, exhomekeke kwamanye. Ukuba isemiconductor encinci umthengisi ijongene nokunqongophala ngequbuliso, ngokupheleleyo ishishini leemoto uva iintlungu ezibukhali ngokukhawuleza.

Ngoko ke, ukugcina intsebenziswano eqinile, ethembekileyo kunye nomntu othembekileyo umthengisi ayixoxiswana ngokungqongqo. Nokuba kukukhangela ii-microchips ezintsonkothileyo okanye izixhobo eziqinileyo ze-carbide thina ukuvelisa ukusika intsimbi ngogonyamelo, i ishishini lemoto ifuna ukungaguquguquki, ukuhambelana okugqibeleleyo kumaqabane ayo.

Uqoqosho oluphuhlayo lubumba njani ukuthengiswa kweemoto?

Ukukhula kwehlabathi akwenzeki nje kwiindawo zemveli zasentshona; ngoku iqhuma ekwandiseni ngokukhawuleza uqoqosho oluphuhlayo. Odumileyo amazwe bric (iBrazil, iRashiya, iIndiya, iTshayina) kunye nemimandla efanayo imele amathuba amakhulu, angasetyenziswanga kwixesha elizayo imveliso kunye neentengiso.

Njengoko udidi oluphakathi lukhula ngokukhawuleza kule mimandla ethile, umnqweno wokuba nesiqu umkhweli imoto isibhakabhaka. Ukuhlangabezana ngokungqongqo nale nto, abavelisi beemoto ngomdla baseka imizi-mveliso yasekuhlaleni ukuba iyenze ngokukodwa ukuvelisa izithuthi ezilungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo kwincasa zengingqi kunye neemeko zendlela ezirhabaxa.

Ezi zicwangciso icandelo leemoto Ulwandiso luqhuba imfuno enkulu yasekhaya yezibonelelo zemizi-mveliso. Ingaba bakha isiseko imoto okanye ubunewunewu obuphezulu imoto, ezi mizi-mveliso zintsha zifuna uthotho lwezixhobo ezithembeke kakhulu ukuze zigcinwe ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zemveliso isebenza kakuhle ngaphandle kolibaziseko olubiza kakhulu.

Lithini ikamva leshishini leemoto?

Ndijonge phambili kancinci, iteknoloji yeemoto ngokungathandabuzekiyo iya kuqhubeka iqhubela phambili ngesantya, isantya esidizayo. Imigca ecacileyo phakathi kwenkampani ye-Silicon Valley tech kunye neDetroit umenzi wemoto zimfiliba ngokukhawuleza. Sihamba ngokukhawuleza ekuthengiseni nje iimoto ezintsha ukubonelela ngokuphangaleleyo, okunengqondo izisombululo zokuhamba kunye ne-app-based ukuhamba okwabelwanayo amaqonga.

Wonke smart iinkampani zeemoto isigqeba esilawulayo siyazi ukuba amacebo okuvelisa izolo awasayi kusebenza ngomso. Ukususela ekuphakameni kwemeteoric ye imoto yombane ukudibanisa ngokupheleleyo izithuthi ezizimeleyo, iyonke ukwenziwa kweemoto i-landscape iyatshintsha kakuhle.

Kwabo bethu banikezela ngezixhobo ezibalulekileyo ukuze ukuvelisa olu tshintsho lumangalisayo, lixesha elinomdla kakhulu. Icandelo lokwenziwa kwezithuthi kwihlabathi liphela liya kuhlala lifuna ukuchaneka, ukuqina, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Njengoko i imoto iyaguquka, ngokunjalo kuya kuba njalo nezixhobo zokusika ezizizisa kubomi obudlamkileyo.

• Imida yeMveliso yoMninzi: Ukubekwa emgangathweni kwakha isiseko sale mihla ishishini leemoto, kodwa ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso likamva.
• Iikhonkco zobonelelo: A ethembekileyo umthengisi uthungelwano bubomi obupheleleyo be ishishini leemoto.
• Iimfuno zokutshintsha: Abavelisi kufuneka bahlale bekhawuleza ukuvelisa iilori ezinzima kunye neeSUVs abathengi abafuna ngokwenene ukuzithenga.
• IShift yoMbane: Ukufudukela kwindawo ecocekileyo isithuthi sombane ifuna ubuchule obutsha ngokupheleleyo bomatshini kunye nezixhobo zokuphatha iialloys ezinobunzima oburhabaxa.
• Ubuchwephesha bexesha elizayo: Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa kunye nobukrelekrele iteknoloji yeemoto iya kuphinda ichaze ubudlelwane bethu kunye ne imoto ngonaphakade.