Isikhokelo sokugqibela sokusika izixhobo zezixhobo: Kutheni iCarbide kunye neeComposites eziPhezulu ziLawula uMgangatho wevenkile

Ukuba kukho into enye egcina umphathi wevenkile yomatshini ephaphile ebusuku, luloyiko lokungahambelani kokusebenza kwesixhobo. Uyayazi indlela oziva ngayo. Uneodolo enkulu yeendawo ze-aerospace, umatshini uyasebenza, kwaye ngequbuliso-snap. Isixhobo siyaphuka, inxalenye iyalahlwa, kwaye umda wakho uyabetha. Kwi-Dezhou Drillstar Cutting Tool Co., Ltd, sibona le meko idlala rhoqo. Oyena nobangela? Ngokufuthi, ayingomatshini; yiyo ukhetho lwezixhobo zokusika izixhobo.

Eli nqaku sisikhokelo sakho esibanzi sokuqonda i izixhobo zokusika izixhobo imbonakalo-mhlaba. Siza kuntywila nzulu ekubeni kutheni carbide iye yaba ngumgangatho woshishino, hlola apho izixhobo zokusika i-ceramic ukukhanya, kwaye ujonge izinto ezilukhuni kakhulu ezifana cubic boron nitride. Nokuba uyasika intsimbi, aluminiyam, okanye intsimbi eqinile, ukuqonda iimpawu zezi zinto ziyimfihlelo yokuvula ngcono ubomi besixhobo kunye nokugqiba komphezulu.

Kutheni le nto ukhetho lwesixhobo sokusika lubalulekile kwimisebenzi yakho yomatshini?

I ukhetho lwesixhobo sokusika ngokungathandabuzekiyo sesona sigqibo sibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso. I isixhobo sokusika yindawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwexabiso lakho isixhobo somatshini kunye nekrwada umsebenzi. Ukuba loo ndawo yoqhagamshelwano iyasilela, yonke enye into iyayeka.

Okokuqala, qwalasela ubushushu. Ngexesha imisebenzi yoomatshini, amaqondo obushushu kwi ukusika inokunyuka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000°C. Ukuba i izixhobo zokusika izixhobo ukusilela ubulukhuni obushushu, buya kuthamba, bube bubi. Oku kukhokelela ekunyamezeleni okubi kunye nenxalenye ekhatywayo. Izinto ezisetyenziselwa izixhobo zokusika kufuneka zigcine uzinzo naxa ubushushu buvuliwe.

Okwesibini, kufuneka sithethe ngayo nxiba ukumelana. Isixhobo esiguga ngokukhawuleza sifuna utshintsho rhoqo. Eli xesha lokuphumla libulala ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngokukhetha i isixhobo sokusika ekunene ngebhalansi efanelekileyo ye ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, uyaqinisekisa ukuba umgca wakho wokuvelisa uqhubeka uhamba. Imalunga nokuqikelela. Xa umsasazi onjengawe ethengisa isixhobo kwivenkile yomatshini, kufuneka bazi ukuba iya kuhlala iinxalenye ezingama-500, ingasileli kwi-50.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zezixhobo zokusika ezikhoyo namhlanje?

Imbali ye ukusika isinyithi ngenene yimbali yezinto zenzululwazi. Kwinkulungwane edlulileyo, siye sasuka kwiintsimbi zekhabhoni ezilula ukuya kwimidibaniso ephucukileyo enokunqumla kwiialloyi eziqinileyo njengebhotolo.

Nantsi ukucazululwa ngokukhawuleza kwe iintlobo zezixhobo zokusika izixhobo siqhele ukubona:

• Isinyithi esinesantya esiphezulu (HSS): Umdala othembekileyo. Kunzima, kodwa akukho santya.
• ICarbide enesamente: Ihashe lomsebenzi. Egqwesileyo nxiba ukumelana kunye nezakhono zesantya.
• Izaramics: Isantya iidemon. Ilungele ukushisa okuphezulu, kodwa i-brittle.
• Cermets: Umxube we-ceramic kunye nentsimbi. Ilungele ukugqiba.
• IiMathiriyeli Ezinzima (CBN & PCD): Iingcali zobunzima obugqithisileyo okanye izinto ezirhawukayo.

Ukuqonda ezi iintlobo zokusika imathiriyeli ikunceda ufanise isixhobo nesicelo. Ubungayi kusebenzisa isando seglasi ukubethelela isikhonkwane, kwaye akufuneki usebenzise i-HSS ukuguqula intsimbi yokubumba eqinile.

Kutheni le nto i-carbide enesamente ikumgangatho weshishini kumatshini wanamhlanje?

Ukuba uhamba kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile ye-CNC yale mihla, uninzi lwezixhobo ozibonayo-izixhobo zokuphelisa, iidrill, ukufakwa-zenziwe i-carbide enesamente. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye?

I-carbide enesamente sisixhobo esiyintlanganisela. Iquka nzima tungsten carbide amasuntswana adityaniswe kunye yi-binder yesinyithi, edla ngokuba yicobalt. Cinga nje njengekhonkrithi: i-tungsten yi-aggregate (ilitye), kunye ne-cobalt yi-samente. Le ndibaniselwano inika izixhobo carbide inzuzo eyodwa. Zinzima kakhulu, zinika phezulu nxiba ukumelana, kodwa i-cobalt binder inika ubunzima obaneleyo bokumelana namandla okusika ngaphandle kokuqhekeka ngokukhawuleza.

E-Drillstar, sisebenzisa i-micro-grain ekumgangatho ophezulu carbide iintonga ukwenza yethu Iintonga zeCarbide eziqinileyo. Okukhona iinkozo zicothayo, kokukhona silucotha ngakumbi, yaye kokukhona sisomelela ngakumbi isixhobo. Izixhobo zokusika iCarbide inokubaleka ngesantya esiphindwe kabini ukuya kwezi-3 kune-HSS, eguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwimali egcinwe ngexesha lomatshini.

Izixhobo ze-Speed-Speed Steel (HSS) zithelekisa njani nezixhobo zokusika i-carbide?

Usenokuzibuza, ukuba carbide intle kakhulu, kutheni intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu zisekhona? Intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu (HSS) yayilutshintsho xa yaziswa, ivumela okuninzi isantya esiphezulu sokusika kunabantu abadala carbon izixhobo zentsimbi.

Inzuzo ephambili yeHSS kukuqina kwayo. Iyakwazi ukufunxa izothuso kunye neentshukumo ezinokuthatha a carbide isixhobo. Oku kwenza i-HSS ilungele:

• Oomatshini abadala, abazinzile kangako.
• Ukusika okuphazamisekileyo.
• Izixhobo zefomu eziyinkimbinkimbi ekunzima ukuzigaya kwi-carbide eqinile.

Nangona kunjalo, i-HSS inobuthathaka obukhulu: ubulukhuni obushushu. Xa i isantya sokusika ukwanda, ubushushu buvelisa ngokukhawuleza. Malunga nama-600°C. I-HSS ilahlekelwa bubulukhuni bayo. Ngokwahlukileyo, izixhobo carbide ngesamente gcina ubulukhuni babo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu. Kwiindawo eziphezulu zemveliso apho ixesha lomjikelo liyinkosi, ukusika i-carbide phantse kusoloko lolona khetho luphezulu.

Kufuneka usebenzise nini izixhobo zokusika i-ceramic kumatshini wakho?

Izixhobo zokusika iCeramic ludidi olunika umdla. Ziqulunqwe ikakhulu i-aluminium oxide okanye i-silicon nitride. Ezi mathiriyeli zinzima ngendlela emangalisayo kwaye zizinzile ngokwekhemikhali. Abaphenduli kunye impahla yokusebenza, ethintela uhlobo lokunxiba olubizwa ngokuba yi-crater wear.

Ukusika kweCeramic ikhanya kwiimeko ezithile:

1. UkuJika ngesantya esiphezulu: Ungaqhuba iiseramics ngesantya esimangalisayo somphezulu.
2. Ukujika nzima: Ukutshiza intsimbi eqinile (ukuya kwi-60-65 HRC).
3. Iisuphaloyi: Ukwenza ii-alloys ezisekelwe kwi-nickel ezisetyenziswa kwiinjini zejethi.

Nangona kunjalo, izinto ze-ceramic babe i-thermal ephantsi ukuxhathisa ukothuka (kwamanye amabakala) kwaye brittle kakhulu. Ukuba unomatshini oneebheringi ezikhululekileyo okanye ukuba wenza amanxeba anzima aphazamisekileyo, a isixhobo sokusika i-ceramic inokuqhekeka. Bafuna ukuseta okuqinileyo. Kodwa xa isetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo, izixhobo zokusika i-ceramic inokususa isinyithi ngexabiso carbide awukwazi nje ukubamba.

Yintoni iCubic Boron Nitride (CBN) kwaye kutheni iyinto yesibini enzima?

Xa sithetha ngezona zinto zinzima emhlabeni, idayimani yeyona nto iphambili. Kodwa kanye emva kwayo cubic boron nitride (CBN). I-CBN yiyo impahla yesibini enzima eyaziwa ngumntu.

I-CBN isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukwenza iintsimbi eziqinileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nedayimane, i-CBN ayisebenzi ngekhabhoni kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, iyenza ikhuseleke ekusikeni intsimbi. Izixhobo zisetyenziswa ngeengcebiso ze-CBN kumatshini wentsimbi eqinisiweyo, iintsimbi eziphosweyo, kunye neentsimbi ezifakwe emanzini.

Ukusebenzisa i-CBN kuvumela abavelisi ukuba batshintshe imisebenzi yokusila ngomatshini. Le yinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "hard turning." Endaweni yokuseta ivili lokusila, usebenzisa i-CBN yokufaka ukuguqula i-shaft eqinile ukuya kubukhulu. Oku kukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kuhambelana nokusingqongileyo njengoko kusebenzisa into yokupholisa encinci.

Ngaba izixhobo zokusika idayimani (i-PCD) sesona sisombululo sezinto ezingezizo i-ferrous?

Izixhobo ze-Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) zixhobo ezinzima zokusika ezikhoyo. Ukusika idayimani inikeza ngokungenakuthelekiswa nanto nxiba ukumelana. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukubamba. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa idayimani ukusika intsimbi.

Kutheni? Ngenxa yokuba intsimbi iqulethe ikhabhoni, kwaye idayimani yikhabhoni ecocekileyo. Kubushushu obuphezulu bomatshini, iiathom zekhabhoni kwidayimani zifuna ukufudukela kwintsimbi. Oku kubangela ukuguga ngokukhawuleza kweekhemikhali.

Ngoko ke, Izixhobo zePCD zi isixhobo esihle kakhulu sokusika ukhetho lwe izinto ezingenayo i-ferrous. Oku kuquka:

• Aluminiyam i-alloys (ingakumbi i-aluminiyam ye-silicon ephezulu esetyenziswa kwiinjini zeemoto).
• Ubhedu kunye nobhedu.
• Iimbumba zeefayibha zekhabhoni.
• Izinto ezixutywayo njengomthi kunye neekeramics.

Ukuba wenza izindlu ze-aluminiyam zombane, isixhobo sePCD sinokuhlala amaxesha angama-50 ukuya kwi-100 ixesha elide kune isixhobo sokusika i-carbide enesamente.

Iingubo ezifana ne-Titanium Nitride ziphucula njani umda wokusika?

Izinto ezisisiseko sisiqingatha sebali kuphela. Ukufumana okuninzi kwisixhobo, sihlala sifaka isambatho esincinci. Eyona idumileyo kukuba i-coat-colored coating oyibona kwi-drill bits: I-Titanium Nitride (TiN).

Iicoatings zisebenzisa iinjongo ezininzi:

1. Ukuqina: Zinzima kune-substrate, zikhusela ukusika.
2. Ukuthambisa: Banciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwesixhobo kunye ne-chip, ukunciphisa ubushushu.
3. Isithintelo seThermal: Banayo ngaphantsi conductivity thermal, ukugcina ubushushu kwi-chip kunye nangaphandle kwesixhobo.

Ngaphandle kwe-TiN, sisebenzisa iingubo eziphambili ezifana ne-Titanium Carbonitride (TiCN) kunye ne-Aluminium Titanium Nitride (AlTiN). I-AlTiN ilunge ngakumbi izixhobo zokusika i-carbide isetyenziswe kumatshini owomileyo kuba xa ishushu, yenza umaleko okhuselayo we i-aluminium oxide.

Ziziphi izinto ezimele zikhokele ukhetho lwakho lwesixhobo sokusika?

I ukhetho lwezixhobo zokusika izixhobo akufanele kube yintelekelelo. Kufuneka ibe sisigqibo esibaliweyo esisekelwe kwizinto eziguquguqukayo ezithile. Xa sicebisana nabathengi malunga nathi Carbide Drills, siyabuza:

1. Isixhobo soMsebenzi: Ngaba yi-aluminiyam ethambileyo okanye intsimbi erhawukileyo? Izinto ezifana i-titanium ifuna izixhobo ezineekhemikhali ezithile zokuthintela ukuhlutha.
2. Ukuqina: Ukuba i-HRC ingaphezulu kwe-50, udinga i-carbide ephezulu yokusebenza okanye i-CBN.
3. Imeko yomatshini: Ngaba i-spindle yakho iqinile? Ukuba ewe, ungasebenzisa amabanga anzima, abhityileyo. Ukuba akunjalo, udinga ubunzima.
4. Umthamo weMveliso: Kwiprototype, i-HSS isenokungabizi kwaye ilunge. Ngama-10,000 amacandelo, ixabiso-ngenxalenye yengubo egqunyiweyo carbide isixhobo sisezantsi kakhulu.

I isixhobo esifanelekileyo yeyona ikunika elona xabiso liphantsi ngomngxuma ngamnye okanye ngomphezulu owenziwe ngoomatshini, akunyanzelekanga ukuba lowo unexabiso eliphantsi kwibhokisi.

Sibuchaza kwaye silinganise njani ubomi besixhobo kwizinto ezahlukeneyo?

Ubomi besixhobo lichazwa ngokubanzi njengexesha isixhobo sisika ngokufanelekileyo phambi kokuba sisilele okanye sivelise iindawo ezingamkelekanga. Ukusilela kwenzeka ngenxa ukunxiba isixhobo, ukukrazula, okanye ukuguqulwa kweplastiki.

Kwi ukusika carbide ngesamente, sijonge iipatheni zokunxiba eziqikelelweyo. Sifuna ukunxiba kweflanki kukhule kancinci kwaye ngokulinganayo. Ukuba i ukusika chips (micro-cracks), isixhobo sinokungaphumeleli kwintlekele.

Eyahlukileyo iintlobo zokusika ukwenza iimpahla ezahlukeneyo.

• I-Crater Wear: A concave ukudakumba kwi ubuso besixhobo, okubangelwa ukusabela kweekhemikhali kunye nobushushu. Okuqhelekileyo kwintsimbi yokusika.
• I-Flank Wear: I-Abrasion kwicala lesixhobo. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuphela kobomi kwabaninzi izixhobo carbide.

Ukusebenzisa izinto eziphakamileyo ubulukhuni obushushu kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali (njenge titanium carbide iingubo okanye i-silicon nitride Ceramics) ilibazisa ezi ndlela zokunxiba.

I-thermal conductivity ichaphazela njani inkqubo yokusika?

Ubushushu lutshaba. Ikhono lezinto eziphathekayo zokusingatha ukushisa kuchazwa ngulo conductivity thermal.

Kwezinye iimeko, ufuna ukuhanjiswa okuphezulu. Umzekelo, i-PCD (idayimani) ine-thermal conductivity ephezulu kakhulu, enceda ukutsala ubushushu kude kwindawo yokusika xa kusetyenzwa. aluminiyam.

Kwezinye iimeko, ufuna ukuqhuba okuphantsi. Isixhobo sokusika i-Ceramic ihlala iphantsi kwe-thermal conductivity. Oku kugcina ubushushu kwi-chip kunye ne-workpiece, ukukhusela isakhiwo sesixhobo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuthetha ukuba ceramic iyachaphazeleka ukothuka kwe-thermal. Ukuba uqhushumba into epholisayo kwisifakelo seceramic eshushu, sinokuqhekeka okweglasi eshushu emanzini abandayo.

Ukuqonda oku kuyanceda ukukhetha isixhobo sokusika amaqhinga-afana nokubaleka emanzi (ngento yokupholisa) okanye yomile.

Iindleko zokulinganisa vs. Ukusebenza: Umbono woMvelisi

Njengomvelisi we Izifakelo zeCarbide ezinesamente, Ndihlala ndibachazela abasasazo ukuba kutheni isixhobo sixabisa into esiyenzayo.

Isixhobo esisemgangathweni sinokusebenzisa iinkozo ezirhabaxa tungsten carbide. Ixabiso eliphantsi. Isixhobo se-premium sisebenzisa i-sub-micro grain carbide kunye ne-12% ye-cobalt kunye ne-multi-layer nano-coating. Isixhobo seprimiyamu sinokuxabisa i-30% ngaphezulu kodwa sihlala ixesha elide ngama-300%.

Kuba imisebenzi yoomatshini apho ixesha lokuphumla libiza kakhulu (njengakumgca omkhulu wemveliso ozenzekelayo), isixhobo esibiza kakhulu lolona khetho lungabizi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwivenkile yomsebenzi omncinci ukwenza ukulungiswa okukodwa, i ukusika okuphezulu ukusebenza kwamabakala epremiyamu kunokuba yingozi kakhulu.

I isikhokelo kwisixhobo sokusika ukuthenga kulula: bala iindleko ngenxalenye, hayi ixabiso ngesixhobo ngasinye.

Isishwankathelo: Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha ukuKhetha izixhobo zeSixhobo sokusika

Ukuzulazula kwihlabathi le izixhobo zokusika izixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziqinileyo zinokuba nzima. Nazi ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwesi sikhokelo:

• ICarbide eneCemented nguKumkani: Inika eyona balancer ye ubulukhuni kunye nokuqina kwi-80% ye izicelo zokusika.
• Tshatisa iMathiriyeli: Sebenzisa iPCD kwi izinto ezingenayo i-ferrous njengaye aluminiyam. Sebenzisa i-CBN kwiintsimbi ezinzima. Sebenzisa i-ceramics kwi-superalloys.
• Ulawulo lobushushu: Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu bulala izixhobo. Khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ubulukhuni obushushu kwaye conductivity thermal.
• Umba wokwaleka: I-Titanium nitride kunye nezinye PVD/CVD ukutyabeka kakhulu ukwandisa ubomi besixhobo ngokunciphisa ukukhuhlana kunye nokuthintela ubushushu.
• Ixabiso xa lithelekiswa nexabiso: Musa ukujonga nje ixabiso lexabiso. A ubukhali bokusika ehlala ixesha elide inciphisa ixesha lokunciphisa umatshini kunye namazinga okulahla.
• I-HSS ineNiche: Musa ukwenza isaphulelo intsimbi enesantya esiphezulu ukwenzela ukuseta ezingazinzanga okanye oomatshini abadala apho ubunzima ibetha isantya.

KwaDrillstar, sizimisele ukukunceda ufumane i isixhobo sokusika ekunene ngomsebenzi. Nokuba ufuna umgangatho Umatshini wokuSila weBit izisombululo okanye iinkangeleko carbide isiko, ukuqonda inzululwazi eziphathekayo linyathelo lokuqala ekufezekiseni machining impumelelo.