Yonke iprojekthi enkulu yokuvelisa iqala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba isinyithi sibethe umatshini we-CNC. Iqala nzulu emhlabeni. Njengomvelisi wezixhobo zokusika ezichanekileyo, ndihlala ndicinga ngezinto eziluhlaza ezenza ukuba ishishini lethu likwazi. Ngaphambi kokuba sitshise iblade yeinjini yomoya okanye ukungunda, kufuneka ubani akhangele intsimbi ekrwada. Eli lihlabathi le ukuhlola izimbiwa.
Ukuhlola izimbiwa lukhangelo olucwangcisiweyo lwemathiriyeli enokugrunjwa kwaye iqhutywe ngokwezoqoqosho. Ngumdlalo okwinqanaba eliphezulu lesayensi, itekhnoloji, kunye ne-intuition. Eli nqaku lifanelekile ukuba lifundwe kuba lixobula umva umaleko womhlaba ukukubonisa indlela esichonga ngayo iidipozithi zezimbiwa ezinokubakho. Siza kujonga kwi iindlela ezahlukeneyo esetyenzisiweyo, ukusuka imephu yejoloji ukuya phambili uphando lwejografi, kwaye uchaze ukuba kutheni bhora uhlala engoyena mntu uxela inyaniso kushishino lwezimayini.
Yintoni ukuhlola izimbiwa kwaye kutheni kubalulekile?
Ukuhlola izimbiwa asikokuzulazula nje ngepiki. Yinkqubo ephucukileyo, enemigangatho emininzi eyenzelwe ukufumana a idiphozithi yezimbiwa leyo inkulu kwaye ityebile ngokwaneleyo kum. Ngaphandle imisebenzi yokuhlola, ubhedu, i-lithium, intsimbi, nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba beziya koma. Oku kuya kumisa yonke into ukusuka kwimveliso yombane ukuya kulwakhiwo.
Inkqubo iqala ngombono obanzi, odla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngu-a ithemba. Inkampani ichonga ummandla onelungelo ijoloji ukusingatha izimbiwa ezixabisekileyo. Emva koko bacutha ngokucokisekileyo indawo yokukhangela. Injongo kukunciphisa umngcipheko wezigaba ezibizayo, njengokugrumba, ngokuqokelela idatha eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka kuqala. Iphumelele iiprojekthi zokuhlola zingundoqo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi, ukubonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada kuyo yonke into esiyakhayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba kufike nawuphi na umatshini onzima, a inzululwazi yokwakheka komhlaba ibetha emhlabeni. Imephu yokwakheka komhlaba luxwebhu olucwangcisiweyo lwe iintlobo zamatye kunye nezakhiwo ezivezwe phezulu. Ngokuhamba emhlabeni, izazi zokwakheka komhlaba zinokuchonga imiqondiso ebonakalayo yemineraliation, efana neepateni ezithile zotshintsho okanye ukumila kwamatye okwaziwayo ngokusingatha. imizimba yentsimbi.
Oku ijoloji yomhlaba inikeza imikhondo yokuqala malunga ne umhlaba ongaphantsi. I inzululwazi yokwakheka komhlaba urekhoda i-orientation ye-rock layers, iimpazamo kunye nokugotywa. Oku ulwazi lwejoloji ibalulekile. Inceda iqela ukuba liqonde imbali yomhlaba kwaye liqikelele ukuba izimbiwa zingazifihla phi phantsi komhlaba. Ngumsebenzi onexabiso eliphantsi, onexabiso eliphezulu okhokela bonke imisebenzi yokuhlola elandelayo.
Yeyiphi indima edlalwa luhlolo lwejografi ekuchongeni isakhono sezimbiwa?
Intsimbi ayisoloko ihleli phezu komhlaba; badla ngokungcwatywa phantsi umhlaba okanye uhlaza. Kulapho uphando lwejografi Ngena. Njengoko amatye emozulu kunye nokuwohloka, akhupha izixa zesinyithi kwindawo engqongileyo. Isampulu yejografi kubandakanya ukuqokelela umhlaba, intlenga, okanye i-rock chips ukuvavanya ezi zinto zokulandelela.
Amagcisa anokusebenzisa abahlalutyi beXRF abaphathwayo ebaleni ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo, okanye uthumele iisampuli elebhu. Bajonge "i-anomalies" -indawo apho ukugxininiswa kwentsimbi ekujoliswe kuyo kuphezulu kunomgangatho ongasemva. Ngokomzekelo, amanqanaba aphezulu obhedu kumlambo intlenga isampuli ingabonisa idiphozithi yobhedu phezulu. Geochemical iindlela zivumela iinkampani ukuba ukuchonga nokuvavanya izimbiwa ezinokubakho iithagethi ngaphandle kokugrumba imingxuma enzulu okwangoku.
Uphando lwejografi luyityhila njani ijoloji engezantsi?
Ngelixa i-geochemistry ijonga ikhemistri, uphando lwejografi jonga kwifiziksi. Olu phando ukulinganisa umzimba iipropathi zamatye, njengemagnethi, ukuxinana, kunye ukumelana nombane. Iindlela zeGeophysical sivumele ukuba "sibone" ngaphantsi komhlaba ngaphandle kokuwaphula umhlaba, kanye njengokuba i-X-reyi ibona ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
Uphando lwezendalo inokuqhutywa ukusuka emoyeni (emoyeni), emhlabeni, okanye phantsi a bhora umngxuma. Banceda ukuchaza ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwe izakhiwo zejoloji enokubamba izimbiwa. Ngokudibanisa i-geochemical kunye ne-geophysical idatha, amaqela ophononongo anokwakha imeko enyanzelisayo apho ukubeka khona iidrill zabo. Oku kudityaniswa kunciphisa umsebenzi wokuqikelela obandakanyekayo ekufumaneni a idiphozithi yezimbiwa.
Kutheni kusetyenziswa uphando lwemagnethi kunye ne-electromagnetic kuphononongo lwezimbiwa?
Enye yezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo yi kazibuthe uphando. Umlinganiselo wophando lwemagnethi ukwahluka kwi Imagnethi yomhlaba ezibangelwa ziiminerali zamagnetic ezifana nemagnetite okanye ipyrrhotite. Olu phando lugqwesileyo kwimephu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatye kunye neempazamo ezifihliweyo phantsi umhlaba.
I-electromagnetic (EM) uphando lukwabanzi esetyenziswa kwiminerali ukuhlola. Olu phando lusebenzisa i-current current ukukhangela conductive imizimba engaphantsi komhlaba. Iidiphozithi ezinkulu zesulfide (ezityebileyo kubhedu, ilothe, kunye nezinc) zihlala ziqhuba kakhulu. Xa i-EM uphando ukhanyisa indawo ethile, luphawu olunamandla amandla eminerali. Ezi iimvavanyo zokulinganisa iiyantlukwano ukuba iliso lomntu aliboni.
Ngaba uphando lwenyikima kunye nomxhuzulane lubonelela ngembono emacala-ntathu?
Kwizakhiwo ezinzulu okanye ezinkulu, i-geologists ijika inyikima kunye novavanyo lomxhuzulane. Uvavanyo lomxhuzulane ukulinganisa iiyantlukwano ezincinci kutsalo lomxhuzulane woMhlaba obangelwa ngu ukwahluka kwilitye ukuxinana. Ixinene imizimba yentsimbi, njengentsimbi ekrwada, iya kudala i-positive anomaly yomxhuzulane.
Uphando lwenyikima luyabonelela umfanekiso oneenkcukacha ze ijoloji yangaphantsi komhlaba. Ngokuthumela amaza esandi emhlabeni kunye nokulinganisa indlela abuyela ngayo umva, izazi ze geologists zinokwenza imephu yestratigraphy kunye neempazamo. Le datha isoloko isetyenziselwa ukwenza ntathu-ntathu iimodeli ze a isitya okanye idiphozithi. Ngelixa inyikima iyabiza kwaye ifuna ukusetyenzwa kwedatha ebalulekileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ubunzulu besakhiwo iidipozithi zezimbiwa ezinokubakho.
Yintoni ukubaluleka kokugrumba kunye nokugawula?
Ngaphambi kokuzisa i-drill rig enkulu, kudla ngobulumko ukwenza okuthile ukugoba kunye nokugrumba. Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa i-excavator ukwemba umjelo omde okanye umngxuma onqumla a geochemical ngokungaqhelekanga. Injongo kukuveza ilitye elingaphantsi komhlaba umhlaba kunye nesigqubuthelo.
Ukuthunga kunye nokugoba vumela i inzululwazi yokwakheka komhlaba ukubona i iintlobo zamatye kunye nezakhiwo kwindawo. Bangathatha iisampulu zetshaneli eziqhubekayo ecaleni komsele ukufumana umbono ongcono we umxholo weeminerali. Yibhulorho phakathi kwemephu yomhlaba kunye nokugrumba. Iqinisekisa ukuba i-anomaly kwi umhlaba isuka kwilitye elisezantsi ngqo okanye ukuba ihanjiswe kwenye indawo.
I-drill iqinisekisa njani ubukho bomzimba we-ore?
Ekugqibeleni, awukwazi ukwenza i-anomaly magnetic okanye isampuli yomhlaba. Kufuneka ubone iliwa. I bhora sesona sixhobo sibalulekileyo kwi inkqubo yokuhlola. Iindlela zokomba ziyahluka, kodwa ezona zimbini zixhaphakileyo ukuguqula ukujikeleza kokujikeleza (RC) kunye ne-diamond core drilling.
Ukwemba idayimani ibandakanya ukukhupha i-cylindrical iisampulu ezingundoqo yelitye eliqinileyo. Lo ngundoqo ubonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nokuthungwa kwamatye, ulwakhiwo, kunye nomgangatho. Njengomvelisi we I-Cemented Carbide Gun Drill Bit kunye nezinye izixhobo zokusebenza eziphezulu, siyaluqonda uxinzelelo olubekwe kwezi bits. Kufuneka banqumle kwilitye eliqinileyo, elirhabaxa elingamawaka eemitha ubunzulu. I bhora inikeza "inyaniso" malunga ne idiphozithi yezimbiwa. Iqinisekisa ubunzulu, ubukhulu, kunye nomgangatho we intsimbi.
Luluphi uvavanyo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo olufunekayo?
Yangoku ukuhlola izimbiwa ilawulwa ngokungqongqo. Ngaphambi kokuba kubekho ukuphazamiseka okubalulekileyo, iinkampani kufuneka ziqhube ifuthe lokusingqongileyo iimvavanyo. Bamele bacingele izityalo zasekuhlaleni, izilwanyana, namanzi.
Imisebenzi yokuhlola kufuneka unciphise umonakalo. Umzekelo, iindlela zokomba zikhethwa ukunciphisa unyawo. Iinkampani zi efunekayo ukubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili umhlaba emva kokuba begqibile. Oku kubandakanya i-capping bhora imingxuma, imisele yokuphinda izalise, kunye nokutyalwa ngokutsha kwezityalo. Ukukhusela amanzi aphantsi komhlaba ukusuka ungcoliso yeyona nto iphambili. Inkqubo yokuhlola enoxanduva ibonisa ukuba sinako isicatshulwa izibonelelo ngelixa kuhlonitshwa okusingqongileyo.
Iinkampani zithatha isigqibo njani ukuba ithemba linokunoqoqosho?
Ukufumana izimbiwa yinto enye; ukwenza imali yenye. Emva kwe bhora iziphumo zingaphakathi, idatha ifakwe kwimodeli yomthombo. Lo mzekelo uqikelela iitoni kunye nebakala le imithombo yezimbiwa.
Iinjineli kunye neengcali zokwakheka komhlaba emva koko ziqhuba izifundo ezinokwenzeka. Bajonga iindleko zoku isicatshulwa i intsimbi, ukubuyiswa kwe-metallurgical (ingakanani isinyithi esinokwahlulwa), kunye namaxabiso akhoyo emarike. Oku ukwenza izigqibo inkqubo imisela ukuba iprojekthi isuka iinzame zokuhlola ukuya imisebenzi yemigodi. Kuphela iqhezu elincinci le amathemba abakhe baba ngabam, kodwa abo babonelela ngokwezoqoqosho izixhobo ezibalulekileyo uluntu lwethu oluthembele kuzo.
Kumgca wam womsebenzi eDrillstar, sizibonela ngokwam ukuba umgangatho we bhora bit kuchaphazela impumelelo yokuhlola. Nokuba ngaba Izinyo leBhola yeCarbide enesamente isetyenziswe kwi-percussion drilling okanye ibit engundoqo echanekileyo, isixhobo kufuneka senze. Ukuba a bhora isuntswana liyasilela nzulu emngxunyeni, kubiza ixesha kunye nemali ukuyibuyisela.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezihambelanayo kuvumela iinkampani zokuhlola ukugrumba nzulu kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Sisebenzisa izixhobo eziphambili ezifana tungsten carbide kwaye I-Stellite Alloy Welding Electrode izinto zokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zethu zinokumelana nokugqithisileyo izinto abrasive ifunyenwe kwintlambo yomhlaba. Izixhobo ezithembekileyo zithetha iisampulu ezithembekileyo, kwaye iisampuli ezithembekileyo zikhokelela kwizigqibo ezingcono.
Isishwankathelo: Izinto eziphambili eziThathayo kuHlolo lweziMbiwa
Ukuhlola izimbiwa yinzululwazi entsonkothileyo, eqhutywa lulwazi. Ifuna umonde, utyalo-mali, kunye nokugrumba okuninzi. Nazi iingongoma eziphambili ekufuneka uzikhumbule:
- Isiseko: Imephu yokwakheka komhlaba ubeka inqanaba ngokuchonga umphezulu iintlobo zamatye.
- IKhemistri: Uphando lwejografi hlalutya umhlaba kwaye intlenga ukufumana i-anomalies efihliweyo.
- IFiziksi: Uphando lwezendalo (Magnetic, Seismic, EM) bona ngaphakathi emhlabeni ukwenza imaphu umhlaba ongaphantsi izakhiwo.
- Umatshini weNyaniso: I bhora ibalulekile. Iisampulu ezingundoqo kuphela kwendlela yokungqina ibakala kunye nobukho be imizimba yentsimbi.
- Uzinzo: Ukulawula ifuthe lokusingqongileyo kunye nokucwangcisa ukubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili kunyanzelekile.
- Ezoqoqosho: Idatha evela imisebenzi yokuhlola imisela ukuba ngaba iprojekthi ngokwezoqoqosho esebenzayo kwimigodi.
Ukususela ekuqaleni umhlaba isampuli kuphononongo lokugqibela lokuba nokwenzeka, ukuhlola izimbiwa yinjini eqhuba ikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi. Ijika ilitye elinqabileyo libe yimithombo eyakha ikamva lethu.
