Esi sikhokelo sibanzi siya kuntywila nzulu kwiinkcukacha zokwenza imingxunya kwiibhodi ze-electronics eziphambili. Nokuba usebenza kwiprototype elula okanye entsonkothileyo yeebhodi ezinomaleko amaninzi, ukuqonda ubuncinci besayizi yokomba kunye nolungelelwaniso lwedrill kubaluleke kakhulu kwimpumelelo yakho. Kufanelekile ukufunda kuba ukufumana i-drill parameters yakho ilungile kuya kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko, kunqande imigibe eqhelekileyo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iPCB yakho iqhuba njengoko bekucetyiwe. Funda iimpawu eziphambili zenkqubo yokomba egcina uyilo olunesantya esiphezulu lusebenza kwaye lwenziwa kumgangatho wevenkile wale mihla.
Xa ulawula umgca wemveliso okanye izixhobo zokubonelela kwivenkile exakekile, ukuqikelelwa yinto yonke. Awunakukwazi ukufumana i-drill snap yaphakathi komjikelo. Kuya kufuneka wazi kakuhle ukuba i-drill idibana njani nepleyiti. Kwesi sikhokelo, siya kucazulula ubuchwephesha be-pcb drill, siphonononge imida yetekhnoloji yokomba yoomatshini, kwaye sichaze indlela yokuphucula uyilo lwesekethe yakho.
Yintoni kanye kanye i-PCB drill kwaye kutheni ubukhulu be-drill bubaluleke kangaka?
Xa ujongisisa ibhodi yesiphaluka eshicilelweyo, ubona amakhulu, maxa wambi amawaka emingxuma emincinane. Ukudala le mingxuma ngokufanelekileyo, iifektri zisebenzisa i-pcb drill ethile. I-pcb drill esemgangathweni sisixhobo esikhethekileyo sokusika esenziwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-carbide eqinileyo. Unokuzibuza ukuba kutheni singasebenzisi intsimbi eqhelekileyo. Isizathu silula. Ipleyiti yefiberglass esetyenziselwa ukwenza isekethe igqabhuka ngendlela emangalisayo. Iya kuba buthuntu i-drill yentsimbi eqhelekileyo ngemizuzwana. I-drill eqinile ye-carbide ihlala ibukhali, ukusika ngokucocekileyo ngeglasi kunye neengqimba zobhedu.
Ukukhetha ubungakanani drill echanekileyo yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuyilo pcb. Ubungakanani be-drill kunye neemfuno zokuqhuba ozikhethayo ziyalela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba iinxalenye zakho zokuphumela emngxunyeni ziya kungena njani kamva kumgca wokuhlanganisa. Ukuba i-drill idala umngxuma oqina kakhulu, abasebenzi bendibano abanako ukufaka iinxalenye. Ukuba i-drill idala umngxuma ovuleke kakhulu, i-solder ayiyi kubamba icandelo elikhokelela ngokukhuselekileyo.
Ukuba ukhetha ubungakanani be-drill engalunganga, uya kwandisa ngokukhawuleza iindleko zokuvelisa. Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwe-pcb, umatshini we-CNC kufuneka utshintshe ngokwasemzimbeni kwi-drill nganye yeesayizi ezahlukeneyo zomngxuma. Ngokunciphisa inani leesayizi ezizodwa zokomba kuyilo lwakho, ukhawulezisa inkqubo yokomba iyonke. Ngalo lonke ixesha i-drill entsha ilayishwa kwi-spindle, ithuba lempazamo yomatshini liyenyuka. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha iisayizi ezifanelekileyo zokuqhuba kuqinisekisa ukuba isekethe yakho iya kwimveliso yobuninzi ngokutyibilikayo. Kufuneka usoloko unamathela ubungakanani drill eqhelekileyo ukugcina uhlahlo lwabiwo pcb yokwenziwa lisezantsi kangangoko.
Ubona njani ubungakanani obuncinci bokuqhuba kwisekethe yakho?
Wonke umenzi we-pcb usebenza phantsi kwemida engqongqo yomzimba. Ubuncinci bobungakanani boqheliso bumele eyona drill incinci yomatshini abanokuyityhala ngebhodi ngaphandle kokwaphula i-drill ngokwayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubunakho bokuvelisa obusemgangathweni bubonelela ngobungakanani obuncinci bokuqhuba obusuka kwi-0.2 mm ukuya kwi-0.3 mm kubuchwepheshe obuqhelekileyo bokomba oomatshini. Ngokuqonda ubuncinci bemiqobo yokomba yomzi-mveliso owukhethileyo, uyakuthintela ekuyileni ibhodi ekungekho mntu unokwakha ngokwenene.
Ukuba ubungakanani bomngxunya owukhethileyo buncinci kakhulu, i-drill ethambileyo iya kuhlutha nje umzuzwana ichukumise ipleyiti enzima. Ukutshintsha i-drill ephukile kumisa yonke inkqubo yokomba kwaye kunokonakalisa isekethe eshicilelo ebiza kakhulu. Umatshini kufuneka ume, umntu osebenzayo kufuneka angenelele, kwaye ibhodi inokufuneka ichithwe. Eli liphupha elibi lokuphumelela kwemveliso. Ukwandisa uyilo lwakho, kuya kufuneka usebenzise kuphela ubuncinci besayizi xa uhambisa iindawo ezixinene ngokumangalisayo zebhodi.
Kuyo yonke enye into kuyilo, sebenzisa imingxuma emikhulu. I-drill enkulu iyaqina kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikwazi ukusika umngxuma wokucoca ococekileyo ngaphandle kokungcangcazela. Ngalo lonke ixesha ujonge imigaqo ethile yoyilo ebonelelwe ngumzi-mveliso wakho ukuze uqinisekise ubuncinci bobungakanani bokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba uthumele iprototype yakho yemveliso.
Luyintoni unxulumano phakathi kobungakanani bomngxunya obuncinane kunye nokuchaneka komngxuma?
Ubuncinci bobungakanani bokusebenza kunye nokuchaneka kwe-drill zihamba kunye kumgangatho wevenkile. Umngxuma omncinci wokugrumba uzula ngokulula. Xa incam ye-drill ibetha inyanda eqinileyo yefiber yeglasi ngaphakathi kwepleyiti, i-drill ifuna ukuphambuka. Udinga ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokomba ibetha ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo kwiphedi yobhedu. Oomatshini abalungileyo be-CNC bagcina unyamezelo olungqongqo ± 0.05 mm kumngxuma wokugrumba ogqityiweyo. Ukuba i-drill izula ngaphezu koku, umngxuma wokubhoboza unokuqhawula ngokupheleleyo umkhondo wesekethe ekufutshane, uyonakalisa i-elektroniki.
Ukugcina i-drill ithe tye ngokugqibeleleyo, iifektri zisebenzisa oomatshini abangqongqo ngokugqithisileyo abaxhotyiswe ngee-spindles ze-RPM eziphezulu. Bakwathembele kwizixhobo ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo we-carbide njengezethu Carbide Drills ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-drill ayiyi kugoba phantsi koxinzelelo. Kumngxuma omncinci wokugrumba, umatshini uhambisa i-drill ezantsi kancinci kakhulu ukunqanda ukwaphuka.
Ke ngoko, ukusebenzisa ubungakanani besayizi enkulu kancinane yokomba ngokwendalo kuphucula ukuchaneka komngxunya wakho wonke kwaye ngenene kuyayikhawulezisa inkqubo yokomba. I-drill etyebileyo ivele igobe kancinci. Itshona epleyitini ngokuzithemba. Xa unikezela ngezixhobo kwivenkile exakekileyo, ukubakhumbuza ukuba basebenzise i-drill eqinileyo yokubeka ngokuchanekileyo kuhlala sisicwangciso sokuphumelela.
Ingaba umyinge we-aspect ratio uyichaphazela njani i-PCB yokwenza kunye nokukhethwa kwe-drill?
Umyinge we-aspect ratio ngumlinganiselo wobunzima obupheleleyo bebhodi ukuya kumngxuma okhethiweyo. Lo mlinganiselo uthile udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisigaba esilandelayo sokucwenga ubhedu. Umzekelo, ukuba uneplate eshinyeneyo eyi-1.6 mm kwaye usebenzisa i-drill eyi-0.2 mm, umyinge we-aspect ratio yi-8:1. Umlinganiselo ophakamileyo kwiibhodi ezishinyeneyo zenza kube nzima kakhulu ukubeka ipleyiti yobhedu ngokuthembekileyo ngaphakathi kumngxunya onzulu wokomba. Ulwelo lwekhemikhali lutsala nzima ukutyhutyha kwimithanjana emincinci ngolo hlobo.
Njengomgaqo jikelele wesithupha, kufuneka ugcine umlinganiselo wakho wembonakalo ungaphantsi kwe-10: 1 ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa okuthembekileyo. Ukuba i-aspect ratio iba phezulu kakhulu, i-drill ngokwayo iyasokola ukususa iitshiphusi ezisikiweyo kumngxunya onzulu wokuqhuba. Iitshiphusi zipakishwa kwiifluti ze-drill. Le friction itshisa i-drill ngokukhawuleza, inyibilika i-epoxy resin ngaphakathi kwebhodi yesekethe eprintiweyo.
Ukuze ugweme lo monakalo we-thermal, abaqulunqi kufuneka bakhulise ngenjongo yokwandisa ububanzi bomngxuma okanye bakhethe ukusebenzisa ipleyiti encinci. Ukulinganisa i-aspect ratio iqinisekisa ukuba umngxuma ngamnye wokugrumba ufumana ubhedu olwaneleyo ngaphakathi ukwenza isekethe eqinileyo, esebenzayo. Imingxunya emincinci inzima ukuyicoca, ngoko hlala ucinga ngobunzulu xa ukhetha i-drill yakho.
Buthini ubungakanani bombhobho kunye neemfuno zokuqhuba kumalungu womngxuma?
Amalungu omngxuma afuna ubungakanani obuthe ngqo obukhethekileyo kunye neemfuno zokomba. Awunakuqikelela lo mlinganiso. Ubungakanani bomngxuma wokugqibela kufuneka buvumelane lula necandelo elibonakalayo elikhokelayo, kunye nokushiya indawo eyaneleyo yenkqubo yobhedu. Ukuba i-diameter yomngxuma inzima kakhulu, abasebenzi bendibano baya kulwa nokufakwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye ne-solder yamacandelo. Idayamitha ye-drill imisela ukuba inxenye yehla kangakanani kwipleyiti.
Ukubala oku ngokuchanekileyo, thatha ubuninzi bedayamitha yesikhokelo somzimba kwi-database kwaye wongeze imvume yokhuseleko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, wenza umngxuma wokubhola ojoliswe kuyo ube ngu-0.3 mm mkhulu kuneyona nto ikhokelayo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba i-resistor enzima ine-0.4 mm ehamba phambili, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka usebenzise i-drill eyi-0.7 mm ukwenza umngxuma.
Ukuba inxalenye encinci ine-0.3 mm ehamba phambili, sebenzisa i-drill ye-0.6 mm. Le mathematika ingqongqo iqinisekisa ukuba icandelo lokukhokela lilingana ngokugqibeleleyo emva kokuba i-copper plating igqitywe ngokupheleleyo. Ukubonelela ngokucocwa okwaneleyo kumalungu angaphakathi komngxuma kuthintela iintloko ezibuhlungu kakhulu kwaye kunciphisa ukuphinda kusetyenzwe kumgangatho wefektri. I-drill echanekileyo ithintela ukukhokela kwi-buckling ngexesha lokufakwa.
Ngaba abayili be-PCB bakhetha njani i-diameter yomngxuma echanekileyo ye-vias?
Abayili bePCB basebenzisa izakhiwo ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi-vias zokudibanisa iileya ezahlukeneyo zebhodi enamaleko amaninzi kunye. Kuba i-vias ayibambanga naliphi na ilungu lelothe, idiameter yayo yomngxuma inokuba ncinane kunemingxuma eqhelekileyo. Ii-vias eziqhelekileyo zihlala zisebenzisa i-0.3 mm, i-0.4 mm, okanye i-0.6 mm drill. Ukugcina idiameter yomngxuma ihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo kulo lonke uyilo lwakho kwenza inkqubo yokomba ibe lula kakhulu kwaye kunceda ukunciphisa iindleko kwiplanti yokwenziwa.
Nangona kunjalo, uyilo olunesantya esiphezulu lufuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Idayamitha yomngxuma enkulu inokusebenza njenge-eriyali encinci, idala amandla eparasitic eyonakalisa imfezeko yomqondiso obuthathaka. Ngoko ke, abaqulunqi be-pcb basoloko bezama ukusebenzisa eyona drill incinci inokwenzeka kwezi vias zomzila ezibalulekileyo. I-drill encinci ngokwemvelo iphucula ingqibelelo yesignali kwisekethe eyinkimbinkimbi ye-multi-layer.
Kuya kufuneka uhlale ulungelelanisa le mfezeko yomqondiso kunye nezakhono zokuvelisa ezisemgangathweni zevenkile yakho. Ubungakanani obuguquguqukayo bokuqhuba kuzo zonke ii-vias zakho ezingabalulekanga ziqinisekisa ukuba isekethe yakho isebenza ngokungenasiphako ngelixa isenziwa kakhulu. Umyili okrelekrele wazi kakuhle ukuba yeyiphi idrill yokubiza indlela yophawu ngalunye.
Kufuneka usebenzise nini ukomba ngelaser endaweni yokomba ngoomatshini?
Itekhnoloji yokomba yoomatshini ekugqibeleni ibetha udonga olubonakalayo olunemingxuma emincinci kakhulu. Xa ubukhulu bomngxuma wakho buwela ngaphantsi kwe-0.1 mm ukuya kwi-0.2 mm, umatshini awukwazi ukusebenzisa isuntswana lesinyithi. Kwesi sikali sincinci, isuntswana le-drill elinomatshini libuthathaka ngokupheleleyo kwimveliso yesantya esiphezulu. Kulapho kanye ukombiwa kwelaser kuthatha umsebenzi. I-Lasers zisebenzisa imiqadi yokukhanya egxininise kakhulu ukutshisa ngokoqobo umngxuma wokubhoboza ngqo kwizinto eziprintiweyo zebhodi yesekethe.
Ukugrumba ngeLaser kubaluleke kakhulu ekudaleni i-micro-vias kwi-hdi ephezulu (i-High-Density Interconnect) iibhodi. Ngelixa i-pcb drill yomatshini yemveli isika yonke indlela ngepleyiti eshinyeneyo, i-laser yeye-micro-vias ethatha kuphela umaleko omnye okanye emibini ebhityileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ii-vias ezingaboniyo kunye nezingcwatywayo zisebenzisa iilaser, aziyi kungena kuyo yonke ibhodi.
I-Lasers inokwenza iglasi ibe ngumphunga kwaye i-resin ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokonakalisa ipadi yobhedu engaphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, lumka: ukugrumba nge-laser kuya kwandisa iindleko zokwenziwa ngokubonakalayo xa kuthelekiswa nokutyhala idrill esemgangathweni ngoomatshini ebhodini. Ke ngoko, kuya kufuneka usebenzise kuphela ukugrumba i-laser kwi-micro-vias xa indawo yokuhambisa kwipleyiti ithintelwe ngokupheleleyo kwii-elektroniki zakho ezihlangeneyo.
Ngowuphi umahluko phakathi kweentlobo zemingxuma epleyiweyo nengafakwanga?
Kwimveliso ye-pcb esemgangathweni, uya kudibana rhoqo neentlobo ezimbini eziphambili zemingxuma: i-pths (iPlated ngokusebenzisa imingxunya) kunye ne-npths (engafakwanga kwimingxunya). I-pth ngumngxuma wokugrumba ofumana i-copper plating enzima kwiindonga zayo zangaphakathi ukuze uqhube umbane ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Uninzi lwe-vias kunye nemingxunya eyenzelwe amacandelo angaphakathi komngxuma ziipths.
Ngokuchaseneyo, umngxuma ongafakwanga, okanye i-npth, ngumngxuma nje wokugrumba ogrunjiweyo ngokuthe ngqo kwipleyiti egqityiweyo engenakho konke konke ngaphakathi. Imingxunya exhonywa ngoomatshini ikholisa ukuba zii-npths. Xa umzi-mveliso ulungiselela ukugrumba i-pth, kufuneka basebenzise i-drill engaphezulu kancinane kunobungakanani obuceliweyo bomngxuma wokugqibela, kuba i-copper plating yongeza ubukhulu kwaye iya kucutha i-diameter yokugqibela.
I-npth, nangona kunjalo, igrunjwa ukuya kubungakanani bayo be-bit ngqo ekupheleni kwenkqubo. Kuwo nawuphi na umngxuma wokugrumba ongafakwanga, kufuneka uhlale ucocekile phakathi komphetho womngxuma kunye nayo nayiphi na imikhondo yesekethe ephilayo ekufutshane. Olu coceko lubalulekileyo luthintela izikrufu zetsimbi ekunciphiseni isekethe esebenzayo xa zidlula kwi-npts ukukhwela ibhodi kwi-chassis.
Ukuqonda njani eyona drill incinci inokwenza uyilo lwakho kwaye unciphise iindleko?
Ngokuqonda imida yobungakanani bokusebenza obuncinci bomenzi oyikhethileyo we pcb, uvula isixhobo sakho sokugcina iindleko. Ukuba uyila ibhodi enemingxuma eyi-0.15 mm, kodwa umzi-mveliso wakho ubiza intlawulo enkulu ngokugrumba nantoni na engaphantsi kwe-0.2 mm, uchitha nje imali. Ngokwandisa loo mingxuma ethile ukuya kwi-0.2 mm okanye kwi-0.3 mm, unciphisa ngokukhawuleza iindleko. Kufuneka uhlale usebenzisa imingxuma emikhulu xa kunokwenzeka ukwenza yonke inkqubo yokomba ifikeleleke kwaye ikhawuleze.
Ngapha koko, kuya kufuneka unamathele kubungakanani obuqhelekileyo bokuqhuba kuyo yonke iprojekthi yakho. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-random, umxube ophazamisayo we-0.65 mm, 0.68 mm, kunye ne-0.7 mm imingxuma, vele udibanise zonke kwi-drill eqhelekileyo ye-0.7 mm. Ukudibanisa ubungakanani be-drill ngengqiqo kuthetha ukuba umatshini we-CNC uyeka amaxesha ambalwa ukutshintsha i-drill.
Kwi-Drillstar, sibonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu Iintonga ze-Tungsten Carbide eziqinileyo kubenzi bezixhobo ngokukodwa kuba sisazi kakuhle ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani uqheliso olubukhali, oluhlala ixesha elide ukugcina inkqubo yokomba isebenzayo. Kwakhona, ukutyala imali kwindawo efanelekileyo Umatshini wokuSila weBit inceda iivenkile ezinomthamo ophezulu zigcine imiphetho ebukhali yokusika kwiidrili zazo. Yandisa uyilo lwakho ngokucinga kanye njengomashini oza kuqhuba u-drill.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba uyilo lwakho lwe-pcb luyaphumelela kumgca wokuhlanganisa, yamkela indlela ecwangcisiweyo kakhulu yokukhetha i-drill drill diameter nganye. Ngalo lonke ixesha shiya i-0.1 mm kwizikhonkwane ezincinci kwaye ushiye i-0.2 mm kwizikhonkwane ezinkulu xa ulinganisa imingxuma yenxalenye yakho yomngxunya, okanye emikhulu ukuba kukho imfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukulingana okugudileyo. Lo mda omncinci unceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ilothe iya kutyibilika ngokugqibeleleyo, nokuba i-copper plating ijiyile kancinane kunoko bekulindelwe ngumzi-mveliso. I-tight fit isoloko ilungile ngexesha lokudibanisa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Soloko ujonga imithetho yoyilo epapashwe ngumzi-mveliso wakho. Qinisekisa ubungakanani bomngxuma owukhethileyo ngokuchasene nemida yomlinganiselo ochaziweyo womzi-mveliso, ngakumbi ukuba uyila iibhodi ezishinyeneyo. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke ii-vias zakho zinemisesane yobhedu eyaneleyo ejikeleze umngxuma wokubhoboza. Ukuba i-drill izulazula kancinci embindini, umsesane wobhedu obhityileyo uya kuphuka, uyonakalisa ngokupheleleyo isekethe.
Ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bokusebenza buqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kombane okuthembekileyo kuyo yonke ipleyiti. Ngokuziqonda kakuhle ezi mfuno zibalulekileyo zokomba kunye neemfuneko zokuqhuba, uyaqinisekisa ukuba ii-elektroniki zakho azipheleli nje ekusikeni kodwa ziyakwazi ukwenziwa kwihlabathi lokwenyani. Isicwangciso sobuchule esinobuchule sakha ipleyiti emnandi, ethembekileyo! Ukusuka kweyona micro-drill incinci ukuya kwenzimaFaka isamente Carbide esetyenziselwa ukutshiza i-chassis, izixhobo ezichanekileyo kukubetha kwentliziyo yokwenziwa kombane wale mihla.
Isishwankathelo: Izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uzikhumbule
- ICarbide nguKumkani: Uqheliso oluqhelekileyo lwe-PCB lwenziwe kwi-carbide eyomeleleyo ukuze imelane nepleyiti ye-fiberglass erhabaxa kakhulu.
- Yazi imida Yakho: Ubuncinci bobungakanani bokusebenza obukhoyo buyalela uxinaniso lwendlela yakho; ukuhamba kancinci kakhulu kuya kwandisa iindleko zokwenziwa kwaye kwaphule i-drill.
- Imiba yokuchaneka: Umngxuma omncinci wokumba ufuna ukunyamezela okungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-drill ayizuli kwaye iqhawule isekethe.
- Qwalasela iAspect ratio: Imingxuma enzulu kwiibhodi ezishinyeneyo kunzima ukuyicoca; gcina umlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwe-10:1 ukuqinisekisa ukugqunywa kobhedu okuthembekileyo ngaphakathi komngxuma.
- Ukususwa kweCandelo: Soloko usenza umngxuma wokugrumba ubuncinci ube yi-0.3 mm mkhulu kunecandelo lelothe ukuvumela ukufakwa okugudileyo kunye nokusongezwa.
- Ngokuya vs. Ukunyuka: Sebenzisa i-drill encinci ye-vias ukukhusela imfezeko yomqondiso, kodwa sebenzisa i-drill enkulu ye-npts ukulungiselela i-hardware enyukayo ngokukhuselekileyo.
- Lungiselela Ukugcina: Namathela kubungakanani obuqhelekileyo ukunciphisa utshintsho lwesixhobo kwaye uphephe imigibe eqhelekileyo ngexesha lemveliso ukuze pcb yakho yenze njengoko bekucetyiwe.
