
I-Substrate Yeshidi Elihlanganisiwe ibhekisela ezintweni eziyisisekelo, ngokuvamile efomini leshidi, elakhiwe izigaba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlukene zomzimba noma zamakhemikhali ezihlanganiswe ukuze kwakhiwe into entsha enezici eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxenye zayo ezingazodwana. Ezimweni ezithuthukisiwe zezimboni, lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa i-matrix eqinile, edonsayo (njengensimbi noma i-polymer) nesigaba esiqinile, esiqinisayo (njengezinhlayiya ze-ceramic noma imicu) ukuze kuzuzwe ibhalansi yamandla, ukuqina, nezinye izici ezithile zokusebenza.
Lawa ma-substrates akhiwe ukuze asebenze njengenkundla eyisisekelo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokucutshungulwa noma njengengxenye yesakhiwo esibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okudingayo.
Izakhiwo Ezihlanganisiwe: Inzuzo eyinhloko yikhono lokuklama impahla enesethi ethile yezakhiwo ezingatholakali kokukodwa. Lokhu kubandakanya ukulungiselela:
Isilinganiso Esiphezulu Samandla-kuya-Isisindo: Ikakhulukazi kuzinhlanganisela ze-polymer noma zensimbi ze-matrix eziqiniswa nge-carbon noma imicu ye-ceramic.
Ukumelana Kwe-Wear Okuthuthukisiwe: Kufinyelelwe ngokushumeka izinhlayiya eziqinile njenge-tungsten carbide noma i-ceramic ku-matrix yensimbi.
Ukusebenza Okuthuthukisiwe Kwe-Thermal noma Kagesi: Ngokuhlanganisa imicu ye-conductive noma izinhlayiya.
Ukunwetshwa Okushisayo Okulawulwayo: Kubalulekile kuma-elekthronikhi ukufanisa ukunwetshwa kwama-semiconductors.
Ukusebenza Okuningi: Ishidi elilodwa eliyinhlanganisela lingaklanywa ukwenza izindima eziningi, njengokuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwesakhiwo, ukumelana nokugqokwa, kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa ngesikhathi esisodwa.
I-Anisotropy: Izakhiwo zingakhiwa ukuze zibe ukuqondisa (i-anisotropic), njengokuqina ohlangothini olulodwa ngenxa yezintambo eziqondile, ezilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ezithwala umthwalo.
I-"composite sheet substrate" iyisigaba esibanzi. Izinhlobo ezibalulekile zifaka:
I-Metal Matrix Composites (MMC): Isisekelo sensimbi (isb., i-aluminium, ithusi) eqiniswe ngezinhlayiya ze-ceramic (isb., i-silicon carbide, i-boron carbide) noma imicu.
I-Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMC): I-ceramic matrix (isb., i-silicon carbide) eqiniswe ngamafayili e-ceramic, enikeza amandla akhethekile wezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokuqina kokuphuka uma kuqhathaniswa nezitsha zobumba ze-monolithic.
I-Polymer Matrix Composites (PMC): I-polymer resin (isb., i-epoxy) eqiniswe ngemicu eqhubekayo (isb., ikhabhoni, ingilazi, i-aramid). Lawa amashidi "ahlanganisiwe" akudala asetshenziswa ku-aerospace nasezimpahleni zemidlalo.
Izinhlanganisela Ezinalayini: Izendlalelo eziningi zezinto ezihlukene (isb., izinsimbi, ama-polymers) zihlanganiswe ndawonye ukuze kwakhiwe ishidi elinezakhiwo ezitholakala kungqimba ngalunye.
Ama-substrates eshidi elihlanganisiwe ayisisekelo ezimbonini zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu:
I-Electronics Packaging: Isetshenziswa njengama-substrates ama-semiconductor chips namasekhethi. Izibonelo zifaka:
I-Direct Bonded Copper (DBC): Ishidi le-ceramic (njenge-Al₂O₃ noma i-AlN) elinethusi elihlanganiswe nhlangothi zombili, elisetshenziselwa amamojula wamandla.
I-Metal Core PCBs: Isisekelo sensimbi (njenge-aluminium) esinongqimba lwe-dielectric kanye nongqimba lwesekethe, esetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa kwe-LED.
I-Aerospace & Defense: Njengamaphaneli esakhiwo ezikhumba zendiza, izingxenye zesathelayithi, nezinhlelo zezikhali, lapho ukuqina okungasindi namandla aphezulu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Amalayini Avimbela Ukugqokwa: Amashidi e-MMC aqukethe i-tungsten carbide noma ezinye izigaba eziqinile asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinto zokusebenza ezimayini, ezolimo, kanye nokuphatha impahla.
Ukuphathwa Okushisayo: Njengoba ukushisa kucwila noma izisakazi kuma-elekthronikhi anamandla amakhulu, izinhlanganisela ze-leveraging ezine-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal (isb., i-Al-SiC).
Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa izici eziyinhloko ukuze uthole ukubuka konke okusheshayo:
| Isici | Incazelo | Inzuzo |
| Umqondo oyinhloko | Ishidi lesisekelo elenziwe ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezihlukene. | Inika amandla ukudalwa kwezinto ezinokuhlanganiswa kwesakhiwo okungenakwenzeka kokubalulekile okukodwa. |
| Isimiso Esiyinhloko | I-Synergy. I-matrix nokuqiniswa kusebenza ndawonye ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo eziphakeme. | Ifinyelela ibhalansi elungile, isb., ukuqina okuvela ku-matrix kanye nobulukhuni obusuka ekuqinisweni. |
| Ukuqinisa Okujwayelekile | Izinhlayiya (I-Carbide, Ceramic), Ama-Fibers (Ikhabhoni, Ingilazi). | Inikeza izici ezithile ezifana nokumelana nokugqokwa noma amandla aphezulu. |
| Ama-Matrices ajwayelekile | Izinsimbi (Al, Cu), Polymers (Epoxy), Ceramics (SiC). | Inikeza isigaba esiqhubekayo, inikeza ukuqina, nokubopha ukuqinisa. |
| Umshayeli Oyinhloko | Ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza. | Ivumela imiklamo engasindi, ephumelelayo, nehlala isikhathi eside kubunjiniyela obuthuthukile. |
| Izimboni Ezibalulekile | Ezogesi, I-Aerospace, Izimoto, Ukuvikela, Ukukhiqiza Okusezingeni Eliphezulu. | Izinto ezivumela intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kule mikhakha. |
Kafushane, a I-Substrate Yeshidi Elihlanganisiwe isisekelo esithuthuke kakhulu. Akuyona into esetshenziswayo elula kodwa iyinkundla eyinkimbinkimbi eklanywe kusukela kuzinga le-athomu ukuya phezulu ukuze inikeze izici ezithile zokusebenzisa, ezishisayo, nezikagesi, okuyenza ibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zesimanjemanje.