
Ama-alloys akhiwe nge-ayoni enziwe nge-high-temperature ayikilasi lezinto zensimbi ezinensimbi (Fe) njengento eyinhloko, eklanyelwe ukugcina amandla emishini emihle kanye nokumelana nokonakala (njenge-oxidation) emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, ngokuvamile ebangeni lika-540°C kuya ku-760°C (1000°F kuya ku-1400°F). Igama elithi "okwenziwayo" libonisa ukuthi akhiwe izinqubo ze-thermomechanical ezifana nokuginqika okushisayo, ukufoja, noma i-extrusion, ecwenga i-microstructure yazo ukuze inikeze inhlanganisela evumayo yamandla, i-ductility, kanye nokwenziwa.
Asebenza njengesixazululo esingabizi kakhulu nesiguquguquka kakhulu sohlu olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuvala igebe lokusebenza phakathi kwezinsimbi ezingenasici kanye ne-nickel ebiza kakhulu noma ama-superalloy asekelwe ku-cobalt.
Amandla Okushisa Okuphezulu Okuhle & Ukumelana Ne-Creep: Zimelana nokuguquguquka kanye nokuhamba kancane, ubunzima obuncike esikhathini (i-creep) ngaphansi komthwalo wemishini emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, nakuba umkhawulo wabo wokushisa ophezulu ngokuvamile uphansi kunalowo wama-superalloy asekelwe ku-nickel.
I-Oxidation & Corrosion Resistance Enhle Kakhulu: Isici esibalulekile yikhono labo lokwenza isikali se-chromia esivikelayo, esinamathelayo (Cr₂O₃) endaweni, sibonga okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium (imvamisa engu-12-28%). Amabanga amaningi aqukethe i-silicon (Si) ne-aluminium (Al) ukuze kwakheke izikali ezizinzile.
Ukusebenza Kwezindleko: Ngokusekelwe ku-matrix yensimbi, zibiza kancane kune-nickel noma ezinye izinto ezisekelwe ku-cobalt, okuzenza zibe izinto ezikhethwayo ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinkulu noma ezizwelayo ezindleko.
Indwangu Enhle: Imvelo yazo esebenzayo isho ukuthi zingakheka kalula, zenziwe ngomshini, futhi zishiselwe zibe izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi zisebenzisa izinqubo ezijwayelekile zezimboni.
Ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwalawa ma-alloys kufinyelelwa ngezindlela ezimbalwa ze-synergistic:
Ukuqinisa Isixazululo Esiqinile: Izinto ezifana ne-molybdenum (Mo), i-tungsten (W), ne-chromium (Cr) zincibilika ku-matrix yensimbi, kuvimbela ukunyakaza kokugudluka futhi zinikeze amandla ayisisekelo.
Ukuqinisa Imvula Ye-Carbide: Ukwakhiwa kwama-carbides azinzile (isb., M₂₃C₆, MC, lapho i-M engu-Cr, Mo, Nb) emingceleni yokusanhlamvu nangaphakathi kwezinhlamvu kusiza ukuphina ukuhlukana kanye nemingcele yokusanhlamvu, ukuqinisa amandla nokumelana nokukhasa.
I-Nitride ne-Carbonitride Precipitation: Kwamanye ama-alloys, izakhi ezifana ne-niobium (Nb) ne-titanium (Ti) zakha ama-nitrides amahle noma ama-carbonitrides ahlinzeka ngokuqiniswa kwemvula okwengeziwe.
Ukuzinza Kwe-Microstructural: Ukwakheka kwe-alloy kuyalingana ukuze kumelane nokuqina kwalezi zigaba zokuqinisa kanye nokwakheka kwezinhlanganisela ezilimazayo ze-intermetallic ngesikhathi sokuchayeka isikhathi eside ekushiseni.
Ama-alloys asekelwe ku-ayoni okushisa aphezulu angamahhashi okusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi:
Ukukhiqiza Amandla:
Ama-Turbine Blades & Discs kumaturbines esitimu kanye nezigaba ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi lezinjini zegesi.
I-Boiler Tubing, i-Superheater & Reheater Tubes, nezishintshisi zokushisa ezitshalweni zamandla kaphethiloli.
Ezezimoto:
Izindlu ze-Turbocharger (Izindlu zeTurbine) okumele zimelane namazinga okushisa egesi ephumayo.
I-Exhaust Manifolds kanye namapayipi aphansi.
Amafusa Embonini Nokwelashwa Kokushisa:
Amashubhu akhazimulayo, ama-muffles, amathreyi, nobhasikidi abasetshenziswa ekungcwatshweni kwe-carburizing, e-annealing, nezinye izinqubo zokwelapha ukushisa.
I-Petrochemical & Refining:
Amashubhu amakhoyili wesithando somlilo kanye namapayipi okugeleza kwenqubo yezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuma-catalytic crackers nama-reformers.
Ithebula elilandelayo lifingqa izici eziyinhloko ukuze uthole ukubuka konke okusheshayo:
| Isici | Incazelo | Inzuzo |
| Isisekelo Esiyisisekelo | Insimbi (Fe), nge high I-Chromium (Cr) okuqukethwe. | Ihlinzeka ngesisekelo esingabizi esinokumelana ne-oxidation ngokwemvelo. |
| Umzila Wokukhiqiza | Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Thermomechanical (I-Hot Rolling, Forging). | Iphumela kuyunifomu, isakhiwo esinohlamvu olucolekile esine-ductility enhle nokuqina. |
| Iziqinisekiso Eziyinhloko | Isixazululo Esiqinile (Mo, W); I-Carbides (Cr, Nb, Mo). | Inikeza inhlanganisela elinganiselayo yamandla ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokuzinza kwe-microstructural. |
| Izinga Lokushisa | Ukusebenza kahle kufika ku-~760°C (1400°F). | Igcwalisa igebe elibalulekile lokusebenza phakathi kwezinsimbi ezingenasici ezijwayelekile nama-nickel superalloy. |
| Inzuzo Eyinhloko | Ibhalansi ephelele yokusebenza, ukwenziwa, kanye nezindleko. | Isixazululo ukonga kakhulu yenani elikhulu lezinselele zobunjiniyela bezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. |
| Ama-alloys ajwayelekile kanye nezinhlobo | I-Austenitic (isb., 304H, 316H, 321H, 347H); I-Ferritic (isb., 446); Imvula-Iyaqina (isb., A-286, 17-4PH). | Inikeza ukukhetha okubanzi kwezimfuneko ezihlukene zezinga lokushisa, amandla, nokugqwala. |
Kafushane, Ama-alloys Ase-ayina Asenziwe Asezingeni Lokushisa Okuphezulu ziyikilasi eliyisisekelo nelishintshashintshayo lezinto ezivumela ingxenye enkulu yobunjiniyela besimanje bezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kumelele ukuthuthukiswa okuhlakaniphile kwezindleko nokusebenza, okubenza babaluleke kakhulu ezicelweni ezisukela emotweni yomndeni ukuya endaweni yokuphehla ugesi ehlinzeka ngogesi wayo.