Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina Wezinto Zokusebenza Zamathuluzi: Kungani I-Carbide kanye Nezinhlanganisela Ezithuthukile Zibusa Isitezi Sesitolo

Uma kunento eyodwa egcina umphathi wesitolo semishini ephapheme ebusuku, ukwesaba ukusebenza kwamathuluzi okungahambisani. Uyawazi umuzwa. Une-oda elikhulu lezingxenye ze-aerospace, umshini uyasebenza, futhi kungazelelwe-snap. Ithuluzi liyaphuka, ingxenye iyalahlwa, futhi imajini yakho iyashaya. E-Dezhou Drillstar Cutting Tool Co., Ltd, sibona lesi simo sidlala njalo. Imbangela? Ngokuvamile, akuwona umshini; yi ukukhetha kwempahla yethuluzi lokusika.

Lesi sihloko siwumhlahlandlela wakho ophelele wokuqonda ukusika ithuluzi impahla indawo. Sizongena sijule ekutheni kungani i-carbide isibe indinganiso yemboni, hlola kuphi amathuluzi okusika i-ceramic cwebezela, futhi ubheke izinto zokwakha ezinzima kakhulu ezifana i-cubic boron nitride. Ukuthi uyasika insimbi, i-aluminium, noma insimbi eqinile, ukuqonda izici zalezi zinto kuyimfihlo yokuvula kangcono impilo yamathuluzi kanye nokuphela kwendawo.

Kungani kubalulekile ukukhetha impahla yethuluzi lokusika ekusebenzeni kwakho komshini?

I ukukhethwa kwethuluzi lokusika ngokungangabazeki isinqumo esibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lokukhiqiza. I ithuluzi lokusika indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwakho okubizayo ithuluzi lomshini kanye nokuluhlaza umsebenzi. Uma lelo phuzu lokuxhumana lehluleka, konke okunye kuyama.

Okokuqala, cabangela ukushisa. Phakathi imisebenzi yomshini, amazinga okushisa at the onqenqemeni ingakhuphuka ibe ngaphezu kuka-1000°C. Uma i ukusika ithuluzi impahla ukuntula ubulukhuni obushisayo, izothamba futhi yonakale. Lokhu kuholela ekubekezeleni okubi kanye nengxenye enqatshiwe. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kumathuluzi okusika kumele zigcine ukuzinza ngisho nalapho ukushisa kuvuliwe.

Okwesibili, kufanele sikhulume ukumelana nokugqoka. Ithuluzi eliguga ngokushesha lidinga izinguquko ezivamile. Lesi sikhathi sokuphumula sibulala ukusebenza kahle. Ngokukhetha i- ithuluzi lokusika elingakwesokudla ngebhalansi efanele ye ukuqina nokumelana nokugqoka, uqinisekisa ukuthi ulayini wakho wokukhiqiza ulokhu uhamba. Imayelana nokubikezela. Uma umsabalalisi ofana nawe ethengisa ithuluzi esitolo semishini, badinga ukwazi ukuthi lizohlala izingxenye ezingama-500, lingahluleki ku-50.

Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinto zokusika ezitholakalayo namuhla?

Umlando we ukusika insimbi ngempela umlando wezinto zesayensi. Kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule, sisuke ezinsimbini ezilula zekhabhoni saya kuzinhlanganisela ezithuthukile ezinganqamula ama-alloys aqinile njengebhotela.

Nakhu ukuhlukaniswa okusheshayo kwe izinhlobo zezinto zokusika zamathuluzi sivame ukubona:

• I-High-Speed Steel (HSS): Okudala okuthembekile. Iqinile, kodwa ayinalo isivinini.
• I-Carbide Ehlanganisiwe: Ihhashi lomsebenzi. Kuhle kakhulu ukumelana nokugqoka kanye namakhono esivinini.
• I-Ceramics: Amademoni asheshayo. Ilungele ukushisa okuphezulu, kodwa i-brittle.
• Ama-Cermets: Inhlanganisela ye-ceramic nensimbi. Kuhle ukuqeda.
• I-Superhard Materials (CBN & PCD): Ochwepheshe bobulukhuni obudlulele noma izinto ezilimazayo.

Ukuqonda lezi izinhlobo zokusika izinto zokwakha zikusiza ukuthi ufanise ithuluzi nohlelo lokusebenza. Ubungeke usebenzise isando sengilazi ukuze ushayele isipikili, futhi akufanele usebenzise i-HSS ukuze uphendule insimbi yokubumba eqinile.

Kungani i-carbide enosimende iyindinganiso yemboni yemishini yesimanje?

Uma ungena kunoma yisiphi isitolo sesimanje se-CNC, iningi lamathuluzi owabonayo - izigayo zokugcina, izinsimbi, izinto ezifakiwe - zenziwe i-carbide enosimende. Kodwa kuyini ngempela?

I-carbide enosimende iyinhlanganisela yezinto. Iqukethe kanzima i-tungsten carbide izinhlayiya ezihlanganiswe ndawonye nge-metallic binder, ngokuvamile i-cobalt. Cabanga ngakho njengokhonkolo: i-tungsten iyinhlanganisela (itshe), kanti i-cobalt iyisimende. Le nhlanganisela inikeza amathuluzi e-carbide inzuzo eyingqayizivele. Zinzima ngendlela emangalisayo, zinikeza phezulu ukumelana nokugqoka, kodwa i-cobalt binder inikeza ukuqina okwanele ukumelana namandla okusika ngaphandle kokuphahlazeka ngokushesha.

Kwa-Drillstar, sisebenzisa i-micro-grain yekhwalithi ephezulu i-carbide izinduku ukukhiqiza yethu Izinduku zeCarbide eziqinile. Lapho okusanhlamvu kucolekile, kulapho singakwazi ukugaya khona, kanye nethuluzi elinamandla. Amathuluzi okusika i-Carbide ingagijima ngesivinini esiphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 kuye kwezingu-3 kune-HSS, ehumusha ngokuqondile emalini elondolozwe ngesikhathi somshini.

Amathuluzi e-High-Speed Steel (HSS) aqhathaniswa kanjani namathuluzi okusika i-carbide?

Ungase uzibuze, uma i-carbide kuhle kakhulu, kungani kunjalo insimbi enesivinini esikhulu sisekhona? Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu (HSS) kwaba uguquko lapho yethulwa, ivumela okuningi isivinini sokusika esiphezulu kunakudala carbon ithuluzi izinsimbi.

Inzuzo enkulu ye-HSS ukuqina kwayo. Ingakwazi ukumunca ukushaqeka nokudlidliza okungaba a i-carbide ithuluzi. Lokhu kwenza i-HSS ilungele:

• Imishini emidala, ezinzile.
• Ukusikeka okuphazamisekile.
• Amathuluzi efomu ayinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukuwagaya kusuka ku-carbide eqinile.

Nokho, i-HSS inobuthakathaka obukhulu: ubulukhuni obushisayo. Lapho i- ukusika isivinini ukwanda, ukushisa kudala ngokushesha. Cishe ku-600°C, I-HSS ilahlekelwa ubulukhuni bayo. Ngokuphambene, amathuluzi e-carbide enosimende gcina ubulukhuni bawo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Ezindaweni zokukhiqiza okuphezulu lapho isikhathi somjikelezo siyinkosi, ukusika i-carbide cishe njalo ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu.

Kufanele usebenzise nini amathuluzi okusika e-ceramic emshinini wakho?

Amathuluzi okusika Ceramic ziyisigaba esithakazelisayo. Akhiwa ngokuyinhloko i-aluminium oxide noma i-silicon nitride. Lezi zinto ziqine ngendlela emangalisayo futhi azinze kumakhemikhali. Abasabela ngayo impahla yokusebenza, okuvimbela uhlobo lokugqoka olubizwa nge-crater wear.

Ukusika Ceramic ikhanya ezimeni ezithile:

1. Ukuphenduka kwesivinini esikhulu: Ungagijima ama-ceramics ngesivinini esimangalisayo.
2. Ukuphenduka Kanzima: Umshini wensimbi eqinile (kufika ku-60-65 HRC).
3. Ama-Superalloys: Ukwenza ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel asetshenziswa ezinjinini zejethi.

Nokho, izinto ze-ceramic babe ukushisa okuphansi ukumelana nokushaqeka (kwamanye amabanga) futhi ahlakazekile kakhulu. Uma unomshini onamabheringi axegayo noma wenza ukusikeka okuphazamisayo, a ithuluzi lokusika i-ceramic ingase ihlakaze. Badinga ukusethwa okuqinile. Kodwa uma isetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, amathuluzi okusika i-ceramic ingasusa insimbi ngamanani anjalo i-carbide angikwazi nje ukuthinta.

Iyini i-Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) futhi kungani iyinto yesibili enzima kakhulu?

Uma sikhuluma ngezinto ezilukhuni kunazo zonke emhlabeni, idayimane liyinombolo yokuqala. Kodwa khona kanye ngemuva kwakho i-cubic boron nitride (CBN). I-CBN yiyona impahla yesibili eqinile eyaziwa ngumuntu.

I-CBN isetshenziselwa ngokuyinhloko ukwenza izinsimbi eziqinile ezinsimbi. Ngokungafani nedayimane, i-CBN ayisabelani nekhabhoni emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ikwenze kuphephe ukusika insimbi. Amathuluzi asetshenziswa enamacebiso e-CBN omshini wezinsimbi eziqinile, izinsimbi ezisansimbi, nama-ayina acijile.

Ukusebenzisa i-CBN kuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bamiselele imisebenzi yokugaya ngomshini. Lena inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukujika kanzima." Esikhundleni sokusetha isondo lokugaya, usebenzisa i-CBN ukufaka ukuguqula shaft eqinile ibe usayizi. Lokhu kuyashesha kakhulu futhi kuyahambisana nemvelo njengoba kusebenzisa isipholile esincane.

Ingabe amathuluzi okusika idayimane (PCD) ayisixazululo sokugcina sezinto ezingezona ayoni?

Amathuluzi e-Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) angamathuluzi okusika anzima kakhulu atholakalayo. Ukusika idayimane inikeza ngokungenakuqhathaniswa ukumelana nokugqoka. Nokho, kukhona catch. Awukwazi ukusebenzisa idayimane ukusika insimbi.

Kungani? Ngoba insimbi iqukethe ikhabhoni, kanti idayimane liyikhabhoni emsulwa. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu okusebenza, ama-athomu ekhabhoni edayimane afuna ukuthuthela ensimbi. Lokhu kubangela ukuguga okusheshayo kwamakhemikhali.

Ngakho-ke, Amathuluzi e-PCD yizo ithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokusika ukukhetha kwe izinto ezingenayo insimbi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

• I-Aluminium ama-alloys (ikakhulukazi i-aluminium ephezulu ye-silicon esetshenziswa ezinjini zezimoto).
• Ithusi nethusi.
• Izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre.
• Izinto eziqhumayo njengokhuni nezitsha zobumba.

Uma wenza izindlu ze-aluminium zikagesi, ithuluzi le-PCD lingahlala izikhathi ezingama-50 kuye kweziyi-100 kune- ithuluzi lokusika i-carbide enosimende.

Izembatho ezifana ne-Titanium Nitride zithuthukisa kanjani umkhawulo wokusika?

Izinto eziyisisekelo ziyingxenye yendaba kuphela. Ukuze sizuze okuningi ethuluzini, sivame ukusebenzisa i-coating encane. Okudume kakhulu ukuthi i-coating enombala wegolide oyibona kuma-drill bits: I-Titanium Nitride (TiN).

Coatings kufeza izinhloso eziningana:

1. Ukuqina: Ziqinile kune-substrate, zivikela onqenqemeni.
2. Ukuthambisa: Banciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwethuluzi ne-chip, behlisa ukushisa.
3. I-Thermal Barrier: Banezincane conductivity ezishisayo, ukugcina ukushisa ku-chip nangaphandle kwethuluzi.

Ngale kwe-TiN, sisebenzisa izimbotshana ezithuthukisiwe njenge-Titanium Carbonitride (TiCN) ne-Aluminium Titanium Nitride (AlTiN). I-AlTiN ilungele ikakhulukazi amathuluzi okusika i-carbide esetshenziswa emishinini eyomile ngoba lapho kushisa, yakha ungqimba oluyisivikelo lwe i-aluminium oxide.

Yiziphi izici okufanele ziqondise ukukhetha kwakho ithuluzi lokusika?

I ukukhetha kwempahla yethuluzi lokusika akufanele kube ukuqagela. Kufanele kube yisinqumo esibaliwe esisekelwe ezintweni eziguquguqukayo ezithile. Lapho sithintana namakhasimende mayelana yethu I-Carbide Drills, siyabuza:

1. I-Workpiece Material: Ingabe i-aluminium ethambile noma i-abrasive cast iron? Izinto ezifana i-titanium idinga amathuluzi anezindawo ezithile zamakhemikhali ukuvimbela ukubanjwa.
2. Ukuqina: Uma i-HRC ingaphezu kwama-50, udinga i-carbide esebenza kahle kakhulu noma i-CBN.
3. Isimo somshini: Ingabe i-spindle yakho iqinile? Uma kunjalo, ungasebenzisa amamaki aqinile, ahlakazekile kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo, udinga ukuqina.
4. Ivolumu Yokukhiqiza: Ngomfanekiso, i-HSS ingase ishibhile futhi ibe yinhle. Ngezingxenye ezingu-10,000, izindleko-ingxenye ngayinye ye-coated i-carbide ithuluzi liphansi kakhulu.

I ithuluzi elilungile iyona ekunikeza izindleko eziphansi kakhulu ngembobo ngayinye noma indawo ngayinye eyenziwe ngomshini, hhayi leyo enenani eliphansi kakhulu ebhokisini.

Siyichaza futhi siyikala kanjani impilo yamathuluzi ezintweni ezahlukene?

Impilo yamathuluzi ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengesikhathi ithuluzi lisikeka kahle ngaphambi kokuba lehluleke noma likhiqize izingxenye ezingamukeleki. Ukwehluleka kwenzeka ngenxa ukugqokwa kwamathuluzi, ukuchopha, noma ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki.

Ku ukusika i-carbide enosimende, sibheka amaphethini okugqoka angabikezelwa. Sifuna ukuthi i-flank wear ikhule kancane futhi ngokulinganayo. Uma i onqenqemeni ama-chips (ama-micro-cracks), ithuluzi lingahluleka ngendlela eyingozi.

Okuhlukile izinhlobo zokusika ukukhiqiza izingubo ezahlukene.

• I-Crater Wear: I-concave depression on the ubuso bethuluzi, okubangelwa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nokushisa. Okujwayelekile ekusikeni kwensimbi.
• I-Flank Wear: Umhuzuko ohlangothini lwethuluzi. Lena indlela evamile yokuphela kwempilo kwabaningi amathuluzi e-carbide.

Ukusebenzisa izinto eziphakeme ubulukhuni obushisayo kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali (njenge titanium carbide ama-coatings noma i-silicon nitride Ceramics) ibambezela lezi zindlela zokugqoka.

I-conductivity yokushisa ithinta kanjani inqubo yokusika?

Ukushisa yisitha. Ikhono lempahla yokusingatha ukushisa lichazwa ngokuthi conductivity ezishisayo.

Kwezinye izimo, ufuna conductivity ephezulu. Isibonelo, i-PCD (idayimane) inokuhamba okushisayo okuphezulu kakhulu, okusiza ukudonsa ukushisa kude nendawo yokusika lapho kwenziwa imishini. i-aluminium.

Kwezinye izimo, ufuna conductivity ephansi. Ithuluzi lokusika i-Ceramic ngokuvamile ine-conductivity ephansi yokushisa. Lokhu kugcina ukushisa ku-chip kanye nendawo yokusebenza, kuvikela isakhiwo samathuluzi. Nokho, lokhu kusho futhi i-ceramic iyathinteka ukushaqeka okushisayo. Uma uqhumisa into epholile endaweni eshisayo ye-ceramic, ingase iqhekeke njengengilazi eshisayo emanzini abandayo.

Ukuqonda lokhu kuyasiza ukukhetha ithuluzi lokusika amasu—njengokumanzisa (ngokupholisa) noma komile.

Izindleko Zokulinganisa vs. Ukusebenza: Umbono Womkhiqizi

Njengomkhiqizi we I-Cemented Carbide Insets, ngokuvamile kufanele ngichazele abasabalalisi ukuthi kungani ithuluzi libiza lokho elikwenzayo.

Ithuluzi elijwayelekile lingasebenzisa okusanhlamvu okuqinile i-tungsten carbide. Kushibhile. Ithuluzi leprimiyamu lisebenzisa i-sub-micro grain carbide ene-cobalt engu-12% kanye ne-nano-coating enezingqimba eziningi. Ithuluzi leprimiyamu lingabiza u-30% ngaphezulu kodwa lihlale isikhathi eside ngo-300%.

Ngoba imisebenzi yomshini lapho isikhathi sokuphumula sibiza (njengakulayini omkhulu wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo), ithuluzi elibizayo empeleni liyinketho eshibhile. Nokho, esitolo esincane somsebenzi esilungisa kanye nje, i ukusika okuphezulu ukusebenza kwamabanga aphezulu kungase kube ukweqisa.

I umhlahlandlela wethuluzi lokusika ukuthenga kulula: bala izindleko ingxenye ngayinye, hhayi izindleko ithuluzi ngalinye.

Isifinyezo: Okubalulekile Okuthathwayo kokukhetha Izinsiza Zethuluzi Lokusika

Ukuzulazula emhlabeni we ukusika ithuluzi ifaka futhi amathuluzi aqinile angaba yinkimbinkimbi. Nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule kulo mhlahlandlela:

• I-Cemented Carbide iyinkosi: Inikeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu ye ubulukhuni kanye nokuqina okungama-80%. ukusika izicelo.
• Fanisa Okubalulekile: Sebenzisa i-PCD ukwenza izinto ezingenayo insimbi njenge i-aluminium. Sebenzisa i-CBN ngezinsimbi eziqinile. Sebenzisa i-ceramics kuma-superalloys.
• Ukuphatha Ukushisa: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu bulala amathuluzi. Khetha izinto ezifanele ubulukhuni obushisayo futhi conductivity ezishisayo.
• Indaba Yezingubo: I-Titanium nitride nezinye izimbobo ze-PVD/CVD zinwebeka kakhulu impilo yamathuluzi ngokunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuvimbela ukushisa.
• Izindleko vs. Inani: Ungabheki nje inani lentengo. A unqenqema olubukhali okuhlala isikhathi eside kunciphisa ukungasebenzi komshini namazinga okulahlwa.
• I-HSS ine-Niche: Unganciphisi insimbi enesivinini esikhulu ngokusetha okungazinzile noma imishini emidala lapho ubulukhuni beats isivinini.

Kwa-Drillstar, sizimisele ukukusiza ukuthi uthole i- ithuluzi lokusika elingakwesokudla ngomsebenzi. Ukuthi udinga okujwayelekile I-Drill Bit Grinding Machine izixazululo noma amaphrofayili e-carbide yangokwezifiso, ukuqonda isayensi yezinto kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibheke empumelelweni yomshini.