Injini ikathamanga, imapuma mpweya wabwino ndipo imatulutsa mpweya wotentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri mphindi imodzi iliyonse. Symphony yamakina yomwe imayang'anira kupuma uku imadziwika kuti sitima ya valve. Nkhaniyi ndiyofunika kuiwerenga chifukwa kudziwa makina a valvetrain kumakupatsani mwayi waukulu pakuwunika ndi kukonza. Pomvetsa mmene bwino sinthani valavu ndi kuzindikira kusiyana kofunikira pakati pa zonyamula zolimba ndi zodzaza madzimadzi, mutha kupewa kuwonongeka kwamtengo wapatali ndikusunga makina anu kuti apindule kwambiri.
Kodi tappet mu injini yoyaka mkati ndi chiyani?
Ngati mungagwetse chipika cha injini yachikale, mupeza makapu ang'onoang'ono achitsulo. A tapeti, amenenso nthawi zambiri amatchedwa a wonyamulira kapena a wotsatira cam, ndiye munthu wofunikira pakati pa zomangamanga za valvetrain. Imakhala motetezeka mkati mwa bore lopangidwa bwino lomwe lili mu chipika cha injini kapena mutu wa silinda.
Ntchito yoyambirira ya tappet ndikuchita mosalekeza komanso bwino kutsatira cam momwe imazungulira. Pamene mawonekedwe a eccentric a cam amazungulira mozungulira, tappet imakwera mbiri yake. Tappet imatenga kayendedwe kozungulira kozungulira ndikumasulira nthawi yomweyo kukhala mzere, mmwamba ndi pansi. Popanda chigawo cholimba chodabwitsachi chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati chotchingira, kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwa kamera yozungulira kungawononge msanga chitsulo chofewa cha zigawo zina.
Chifukwa ndi pamwamba pa tappet imayang'anizana ndi mavalidwe amphamvu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imakhala yolimba kapena yopangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosavala kwambiri. M'malo mwake, tikapanga zida zapadera zodulira ku Drillstar, monga Cemented Carbide Insert, timagwiritsa ntchito mfundo zachitsulo zomwezo za kuuma kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti chidacho chikuposa zida zotsekemera zomwe zimadula.
Kodi cam imayendetsa bwanji sitima ya valve yotsalayo?
Njira yonse yopuma imayambira pansi pa injini ndi zolemetsa crankshaft. Pamene crankshaft imazungulira, imagwiritsa ntchito lamba wanthawi yayitali kapena unyolo wachitsulo kuyendetsa cam shaft. Mphepete mwa tsindeli muli tizibampu zingapo zooneka ngati dzira zotchedwa lobes. Aliyense cam lobe amapangidwa mwamasamu kuti azitha kuwongolera nthawi yomwe silinda inayake imapuma.
Pamene tsinde limazungulira, limatuluka lobe amakankhira mwamphamvu pankhope ya tapeti. M'mapangidwe akale a pushrod, tappet imakakamiza chitsulo chachitali kukankha ndodo pamwamba. Kukwera uku kukankha ndodo ndiye amazungulira chitsulo rocker mkono. Mbali yotsutsana ya rocker mkono amagwedezeka pansi ndikukankhira mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi pamwamba pa tsinde la valve.
Mphamvu yotsikirayi iyenera kukhala yamphamvu kwambiri kuti ipanikizike zolemera, zopindika zitsime za valve ndi kuthupi kukankhira mwambo poppet kalembedwe valavu tsegulani. Kamodzi pachimake cha cam azungulira kudutsa tappet, yaikulu kusungidwa mphamvu mu zitsime za valve mwamphamvu amawombera valavu kutseka kachiwiri, kusindikiza bwino chipinda choyaka. Kuti bwinobwino yambitsa kutsata uku bwino pa 6,000 RPM kumafuna makina opanda cholakwika.
Chifukwa chiyani kuchotsedwa kwa valve molondola ndikofunikira kwambiri?
Kutentha kumasintha chilichonse mumakaniko. Injini ikayaka ndikufikira kutentha kwake koyenera, kutentha kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti zigawo zachitsulo zikule kwambiri. The yamphamvu, mavavu, ndi chipika zonse zimakula kukula kwake. Ngati mainjiniya adapanga ma valvetrain ndi zero gap pomwe injini inali kuzizira, kukulitsa kwa kutenthaku kungapangitse kuti ziwalozo zimangike mwamphamvu.
Ngati palibe malo otsala kuti chitsulo chiwonjezeke, zigawo zomwe zikukulirakulira zimatha kugwira valavu yotseguka pang'ono ngakhale ikuyenera kutsekedwa kwathunthu. Kutayika kumeneku kwa chisindikizo cholimba kumawononga injini nthawi yomweyo kukanikiza. Choyipa kwambiri, mipweya yoyaka moto kwambiri imayatsa njira yawo kudutsa pang'ono pang'ono, ndikuwotcha dzenje m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo. valve yotulutsa mpweya.
Kuti apewe ngoziyi, zimango zimasiya kampata kakang'ono, kowerengeka pakulumikizana. Kusiyana kofunikira kumeneku kumatchedwa kuchotsedwa kwa valve. Kusunga changwiro chilolezo ndiye mtheradi maziko a muyezo kukonza galimoto. Ngati ndi chilolezo ndi yothina kwambiri, mavavu amayaka. M'malo mwake, ngati chilolezo ndi lotayirira kwambiri, ziwalozo zimamatirirana. Mkhalidwe wotayirirawu umapangitsa kukwiyitsa, mwachangu kugunda phokoso ndipo kumabweretsa kuvala koopsa, msanga pankhope ya cam.
Kodi zonyamulira ma hydraulic ndi chiyani, ndipo zimachepetsa bwanji kukonza magalimoto?
Pofuna kuthetsa ntchito yotopetsa yosinthira nthawi zonse malo ololedwa ndi manja, akatswiri anzeru anatulukira zonyamula ma hydraulic. A hydraulic tappet amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta opanikizidwa ndi injini kuti adzipangire okha komanso mosalekeza kufooka kulikonse m'dongosolo.
Mkati mwa thupi la a hydraulic tappet, pali pisitoni yaing'ono yamkati ndi valavu yoyang'ana njira imodzi. Kam ikatembenuka ndikuchotsa kukakamiza pa chonyamulira, mafuta a injini yopanikizidwa amathamangira mkati. Izi kuthamanga kwa hydraulic imapopera pisitoni yamkati mmwamba mpaka chilolezo chonsecho chitatha.
Chifukwa zida za hydraulic kutengera dynamically kusintha kutentha ndi kuvala thupi, iwo mwangwiro kusunga ziro kuphulika kwa valve nthawi zonse. Ma hydraulic lifters pangani makina abata bwino, oyenda bwino ndikuchotsa kufunika kosintha pamanja. Kwa dalaivala wamba watsiku ndi tsiku, kudalirika uku "kukhazikitsa ndikuyiwala" ndikosinthiratu masewera.
Kodi matepi olimba amanja amafananiza bwanji ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa hydraulic?
Pamene a hydraulic khwekhwe ilibe cholakwika pagalimoto yapamsewu, ili ndi kufooka kodziwika pamapulogalamu othamanga kwambiri. Pama RPM owopsa, kuthamanga kwamafuta mwachangu kungayambitse chonyamula chodzaza madzi kuti "chipondereze" ndikutsegula ma valve, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu iwonongeke. Kuti athane ndi izi, omanga injini zamtunduwu amadalira zolimba matepi.
Zonyamulira zolimba ndizo zomwe zimamveka ngati masilinda achitsulo olimba. Sangathe kugwa kapena kupopera pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu. Kukhazikika uku kumatsimikizira kuti valavu imatsatira mbiri ya cam ndendende, ngakhale pa 9,000 RPM. Izi zimalepheretsa kwathunthu mkhalidwe wowononga kwambiri womwe umadziwika kuti valavu yoyandama, pomwe valavu yolemera simatha kutseka mofulumira kuti igwirizane ndi makina ozungulira.
Komabe, kuyendetsa zonyamula zolimba kumatanthauza kuvomereza kulemedwa kolemetsa. Amafuna pafupipafupi, mosamala buku kusintha tappet. Zimango ziyenera kutsegula zovundikira za valve nthawi zonse ndikuyesa mwakuthupi kusiyana pakati pa ma valve cam ndi valve zigawo kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikukhalabe mkati mwa fakitale.
Kodi ma pushrods ndi rocker mkono amagwira ntchito yanji pamapangidwe akale?
Mukayika chophimba pagalimoto yaku America V8, mukuyang'ana injini yopusitsa yachikhalidwe (OHV). Mu chikhalidwe ichi, mmodzi camshaft imakwiriridwa pansi mkati mwa mdima wapakati pa chipika cha injini.
Chifukwa camshaft ili kutali kwambiri ndi ma valve omwe ali pamutu wa silinda, injiniyo imadalira zitsulo zazitali, zopanda kanthu. pushrods kulumikiza mtunda waukulu. Wonyamulirayo amakwera kamera pansi pa block, amakankha kukankha ndodo m'mwamba, ndipo ndodo imatsikira rocker pamwamba pamwamba.
Zakale izi ma valvetrains ndizophatikizana modabwitsa komanso zamphamvu kwambiri. Amapanga torque yayikulu yotsika. Komabe, mbali zonse zolemetsa, zosuntha zachitsulo zimapanga misa yambiri ya valvetrain. Kusuntha heavy metal kumafuna mphamvu, ndipo kuchulukirako kumachepetsa kwambiri momwe injini ya pushrod ingasunthike bwino mbali zolemerazo zisanayambe kusinthasintha ndikudumpha mosawongolera.
Kodi mapangidwe amtundu wa cam (OHC) amasiyana bwanji ndi ma injini amtundu wa pushrod?
Kuti athetse vuto la kulemera kwake ndikutsegula ma liwiro apamwamba a injini, makampani oyendetsa magalimoto adasinthiratu cam pamwamba kupanga. Mwa kukoka camshaft kuchokera pa chipikacho ndikuchiyika molunjika pamwamba pa mutu wa silinda, mainjiniya anathetsa kufunika kokankhira zolemetsa.
Mu a kamera imodzi yokha (zomwe) kamangidwe, camshaft imodzi yokha imakhala pamwamba pa ma valve, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito yaying'ono rocker kuwongolera mbali zonse zolowera komanso zotulutsa. Mu makamera apawiri apamwamba kwambiri (dohc) kukhazikitsa, pali ma camshaft awiri osiyana pa silinda imodzi-imodzi yokha ya mavavu olowera ndi imodzi yokha ya mavavu otulutsa mpweya.
Ubwino waukulu wa ohc ndipo makamaka zomwe ndi dohc masanjidwe ndikuchepetsa kwambiri magawo osuntha. Mtunda pakati pa camshaft ndi valve ndi lalifupi modabwitsa. Mukuchita molunjika injini zamphamvu, nsongayo imakanikizira molunjika pa kalembedwe ka ndowa wotsatira cam yomwe imakhala molunjika pamwamba pa tsinde la valve. Kukhazikitsa kowala kokulirapo, kolimba kumeneku kumalola magalimoto amakono amasewera kukuwa kupitilira 8,000 RPM ndi kudalirika kopanda cholakwika.
Ngati muli ndi njinga yamoto kapena makina apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi zonyamulira zolimba, akuchita a kusintha tappet ndi luso lovomerezeka. Cholinga ndikukhazikitsa bwino kusiyana kotero kuti injini ikatentha, chilolezocho chimatseka mpaka pafupi ndi zero popanda kumanga.
Choyamba, muyenera kutembenuza crankshaft yayikulu ndi dzanja mpaka yokhazikika pisitoni mukugwira ntchito yofikira ku Top Dead Center (tdc ndi) pa zake kukanikiza sitiroko. Pa tdc ndi, mavavu onse atsekedwa kwathunthu, ndipo wonyamulayo akupumira pa bwalo lathyathyathya, maziko a kamera. Awa ndi malo okhawo otetezeka kuyeza kusiyana.
Kenako, mutenga chida choyezera chitsulo choonda, cholondola kwambiri chotchedwa a sensor gauge. Mukutsetsereka womverera molunjika pakati pa nsonga ya valve ndi rocker yoyendetsa. Iyenera kudutsa ndi kukana pang'ono, kosalala kokoka. Ngati a kumva mphamvu amadzimva omasuka kwambiri kapena amangika kwathunthu, kusiyanako ndikolakwika.
Ngati muyenera kutero sinthani tappet, nthawi zambiri mumatenga pang'ono wrench, masulani mtedza wokhoma pa rocker, ndi kutembenuza pakati pa ulusi wowongolera wononga mpaka chilolezo zimagwirizana ndi fakitale yeniyeni spec.
Sikuti zonyamulira zolimba zonse zimagwiritsa ntchito sikipa chowongolera cha ulusi. Ma injini ambiri okwera molunjika omwe amagwira ntchito molunjika amagwiritsa ntchito zonyamulira ndowa zolimba. Mu khwekhwe ili, ku sinthani valavu chilolezo, muyenera mwathupi kusintha makulidwe a kakang'ono chitsulo chimbale wotchedwa a shimu.
The shimu amakhala pamwamba pa chidebe kapena pansi pake, ndikupumira pa tsinde la valve. Ngati muyeso wanu ukuwonetsa chilolezo ndizothina kwambiri, muyenera kuchotsa zomwe zilipo shimu ndikusintha ndi yocheperako pang'ono.
Kusintha masinthidwe awa nthawi zambiri kumafuna a chida chapadera kuti thupi compress lolemera akasupe pansi kotero inu mosamala kubudula shimu ndi maginito. Ndi njira yotopetsa, yamasamu kwambiri. Muyenera kuyeza mosamala shimu yakale, kuwerengera kusiyana komwe kukufunika, ndikuyika yatsopano. Komabe, ikakhazikitsidwa, kapangidwe kake ka shim-pansi-chidebe kumakhala kokhazikika modabwitsa ndipo sikawirikawiri kumasokonekera.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pakadutsa ma valve pakati pa kulowetsedwa ndi kutulutsa mpweya?
Nthawi ya injini ndi kuvina kovuta kwambiri, kothamanga kwambiri. Pali nthawi yayifupi kwambiri, yopangidwa mwaluso kwambiri pisitoni imayandikira pamwamba pa silinda kumapeto kwenikweni kwa kutopa stroke, pomwe onse awiri kulowa valve ndi valve yotulutsa mpweya amakakamizidwa kutsegulidwa nthawi yomweyo.
Gawo lachiwiri la sekondi limatchedwa kuphatikizika kwa valve. Kodi mungafune kuti ma valve onse atsegulidwe nthawi imodzi? Zili ndi chilichonse chochita ndi mphamvu zamadzimadzi. Kutuluka kotentha kwambiri kutopa mpweya umapanga vacuum wamphamvu kumbuyo kwawo. Izi zimathandiza kuyamwa mafuta atsopano, ozizira a mpweya panja poyera kulowa doko, kudzaza silinda bwino kwambiri.
The mwambo kasupe-yodzaza poppet valve imagwira bwino izi. Komabe, ma superbike ena achilendo aku Italy amapita patsogolo pogwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwambiri ma valve desmodromic. Dongosolo la desmodromic limagwiritsa ntchito mkono wachiwiri, wodzipatulira wodziyimira pawokha kuti akoke valavu, kuchotseratu akasupe ndikutsimikizira kuti valavu imatseka ndendende pomwe cam ilamula, kuchotseratu mwayi uliwonse woyandama.
Ganizirani za kupsyinjika kwakukulu komwe kumachitika mkati mwa mutu wa silinda. Vavu yachitsulo yayitali, yopyapyala imayenera kutsika ndikutsika nthawi mamiliyoni ambiri osatulutsa dontho limodzi lamafuta kapena kutaya kukhazikika kwake. Mkuwa kapena bronze chiwongolero cha valve imadutsa iyenera kupangidwa kuti ikhale yololera pang'ono, yopanda cholakwika.
Mipando yachitsulo yozungulira pomwe ma valve amatseka kuti atseke yamphamvu ziyenera kufanana bwino ndi ngodya ya nkhope ya valve. Ngati zazimitsidwa ngakhale pang'ono pang'ono, mpweya wotentha umayatsa chitsulo nthawi yomweyo. Apa ndi pomwe zida zapamwamba za CNC ndi zida zodulira zimakhala ngwazi zamakampani opanga magalimoto.
Ku Drillstar, timapanga zida zakuthwa modabwitsa komanso zolimba zomwe zimafunikira kuti apange zodabwitsa zamakonozi. Pamene wopanga injini ayenera kubowola valavu yopanda cholakwika, amadalira athuMa Modular Indexable Reamers (Zida Zotopetsa Kwambiri & Zowongolera) kukwaniritsa mapeto ngati galasi. Monga momwe makaniko amatsamira pa shimu yolondola kuti akhazikitse bwino kuchotsedwa kwa tappet, mafakitale amagalimoto amadalira zida zathu zolimba za carbide kutsimikizira kuti camshaft amazungulira momasuka ndi injini amapuma mosavutikira.
Chidule Chachidule: Zofunikira Zofunika Kwambiri pa Mastering Valvetrain Mechanics
Kumvetsetsa makina ankhanza, othamanga kwambiri mkati mwa mota kumakupatsani ulemu waukulu paukadaulo wamakono ndi kupanga. Nazi mfundo zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira:
- The Middleman: The tapeti imagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo chofunikira, chosamva kuvala pakati pa kamera yozungulira mwamphamvu ndi ma valvetrain ena onse.
- Kuwotcha: Chifukwa zitsulo zimakula kwambiri zikamatentha, kusunga bwino kuchotsedwa kwa valve ndizofunikira mtheradi kuteteza mavavu awotchedwe ndi kutayika kukanikiza.
- Kusamalira Zero: Ma hydraulic lifters Gwiritsani ntchito mwanzeru mafuta a injini yopanikizidwa kuti mukhalebe ndi zero lash, ndikuchotsa kufunikira kutero bukuly sinthani valavu.
- Kuthamanga Kwambiri: Ma injini okwera kwambiri amafunikira zonyamulira zolimba kuti apewe ngozi valavu yoyandama pa RPMs kwambiri.
- Kuchepetsa Kunenepa: Kuchokera pamapangidwe apamwamba a pushrod kupita ku zamakono cam pamwamba ma setups amachepetsa kwambiri kusuntha, kulola injini kuti ibwererenso mwachangu.
- Kulondola ndi Chilichonse: Kaya mukutsetsereka mosamala a sensor gauge mwa a cam ndi valve kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodulira zapamwamba za CNC kuti zibereke a chiwongolero cha valve, kulondola kotheratu kumapereka chipambano.
Potenga nthawi kuti mumvetsetse momwe mungachitire tsegulani valavu moyenera komanso nthawi yoyenera sinthani tappet molondola, mumawonetsetsa kuti makina anu olemera amapereka mphamvu zambiri pamahatchi, kudalirika kwambiri, komanso moyo wautali, wopindulitsa.
