Injini painomhanya, inofema mweya mutsva uye inodzinga magasi anopisa anopisa kane zviuru paminiti imwe neimwe. Iyo mechanical symphony inodzora kufema uku inozivikanwa se vharafu chitima. Ichi chinyorwa chakakodzera kuverenga nekuti kugona mechanics evhavhatrain kunokupa mukana wakakura mukuongororwa uye kugadzirisa. Nekunzwisisa nzira yekunyatsoita gadzirisa valve zvikamu uye nekuziva mutsauko wakakosha pakati pezvikwiriso zvakasimba uye zvakazadzwa nemvura, unogona kudzivirira kuputsika kunodhura uye kuchengeta muchina wako uchimhanya zvakanyanya.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi tappet mune injini inopisa yemukati?
Kana iwe ukadambura classic injini block, iwe unowana akatevedzana madiki, cylindrical simbi makapu. A tappet, iyo inowanzonziwo a lifter kana a cam muteveri, ndiye akakosha pakati peiyo valvetrain architecture. Iyo inogara yakachengeteka mukati mechibhorani chakanyatsogadzirwa chiri muinjini block kana iyo humburumbira musoro.
Basa rekutanga re tappet ndere kuenderera uye mushe tevera cam sezvainotenderera. Sezvo iyo eccentric chimiro checam inotenderera ichitenderera, tappet inotasva chimiro chayo. Iyo tappet inotora iyo inotenderera inotenderera kufamba uye pakarepo inoshandura iyo mumutsara, kumusoro-uye-pasi kufamba. Pasina ichi chinhu chinogara kwenguva refu chinoshanda sebuffer, kukweshera kwehasha kwekamera inotenderera kunoparadza simbi yakapfava yezvimwe zvikamu.
Nokuti iyo pamusoro pe tappet inotarisana nekupfeka kwakakura kwazvo, inowanzoomeswa kana kugadzirwa kubva kuzvinhu zvisingapfeki zvakanyanya. Muchokwadi, kana isu tichigadzira hunyanzvi hwekucheka maturusi kuDrillstar, senge Cemented Carbide Insert, isu tinoshandisa iyo chaiyo simbi yesimbi misimboti yekuomarara kwakanyanya kuona kuti chishandiso chinobuda kunze kweabrasive zvinhu zvachinocheka.
Ko cam inofambisa sei imwe chitima chevharuvhu?
Kufema kwese kunotanga pazasi pemota ine zvinorema crankshaft. Sezvo crankshaft inotenderera, inoshandisa bhandi gobvu renguva kana cheni yesimbi kutyaira cam shaft. Murutivi urwu mune mapundu akati wandei akaita zai anonzi lobes. Imwe neimwe cam lobe yakagadzirwa nemasvomhu kuti inyatso kudzora pafema humburumbira.
Sezvo shaft inotenderera, iyo inobuda lobe inosunda zvine hukasha kumeso kwetepi. Mune ekare pushrod dhizaini, iyo tappet inomanikidza simbi refu kusunda tsvimbo kumusoro. Kusimuka uku kusunda tsvimbo ipapo anopinza simbi rocker ruoko. The opposite side of the rocker ruoko anosvetukira pasi uye anodzvanyirira zvine simba pamusoro pehunde yevharuvhu.
Iri simba rekudzika rinofanirwa kuve rakasimba zvakakwana kudzvanya rinorema, rakamonereka zvitubu zvevharuvhu uye panyama kusunda zvechinyakare poppet style vharafu open. Kamwe iyo yepamusoro yecam inotenderera ichipfuura tappet, iyo yakakura yakachengetwa simba mu zvitubu zvevharuvhu nechisimba chinoputika valve kuvhara zvakare, kunyatsoisa chisimbiso chekamuri inopisa. Kubudirira actuate kutevedzana uku zvakanaka pa6,000 RPM kunoda machining asina mhosva.
Sei kujeka kwevharuvhu kwakakosha zvakanyanya?
Kupisa kunoshandura zvese mumakanika. Kana injini ikapfuta uye ichisvika pakupisa kwayo kwekushanda, kupisa kwakanyanya kunoita kuti zvikamu zvesimbi zviwedzere mumuviri. The humburumbira, mavharuvhu, uye chivharo zvose zvinokura mukukura. Kana mainjiniya akavaka valvetrain ine zero gap apo mota yaitonhora, uku kuwedzera kwekupisa kwaizoita kuti zvikamu zvisunge zvakasimba.
Kana pasina nzvimbo yakasara kuti simbi iwedzere, zvikamu zvinokura zvinonyatsobata valve yakazaruka zvishoma kunyange kana ichifanirwa kuvharwa zvakakwana. Uku kurasikirwa kwechisimbiso chakasimba kunoparadza injini pakarepo compression. Zvakaipisisa, magasi anopisa anopisa anopisa nzira yavo kupfuura pakakorokoza, achipisa buri nechekumucheto chaiko. kubuda vharafu.
Kudzivirira njodzi iyi, makanika anosiya diki, rakaverengerwa gwanza mukubatana. Uyu mukaha wakakosha unonzi the valve clearance. Kuchengeta zvakakwana clearence ndiyo mhedziso yehwaro hwechiyero kuchengetedza motokari. Kana iyo clearance yakanyanyisa, iwe unopisa mavharuvhu. Sezvineiwo, kana iyo clearance yanyanya kusununguka, zvikamu zvacho zvinoroverana. Iyi yakasununguka mamiriro inokonzeresa, nekukurumidza kuridza ruzha uye zvinotungamira mukupfeka kwakasimba, nguva isati yakwana pachiso checam.
Chii chinonzi hydraulic lifters, uye inoderedza sei kugadzirisa mota?
Kuti abvise basa rinonetesa rekugara achigadzirisa nzvimbo dzakachena nemaoko, mainjiniya akangwara akagadzira hydraulic lifters. A hydraulic tappet inoshandisa injini yakamanikidzwa mafuta ekupa kuti iite otomatiki uye irambe ichitora chero kuderera muhurongwa.
Mukati memuviri a hydraulic tappet, pane pisitoni diki yemukati uye imwe-nzira yekutarisa vharuvhu. Kana cam ikatenderera ichibvisa dzvinyiriro painosimudza, oiri yeinjini yakamanikidzwa inomhanyira mukati. Izvi hydraulic pressure inopomba pisitoni yemukati kumusoro kudzamara kusununguka kwese kwapera zvachose.
Nokuti hydraulic tappets kuchinjika zvine simba kune shanduko yekushisa uye kupfeka kwemuviri, ivo vanochengeta zvakakwana zero kuputika kwevhavha nguva dzose. Hydraulic lifters gadzira muchina wakanyarara, wakatsetseka-unoshanda uye bvisa zvachose kudiwa kwekugadzirisa manyore. Kune avhareji yemazuva ese mutyairi, iyi "iise uye ukanganwe" kuvimbika ndeyechokwadi mutambo-kuchinja.
Manyorero akasimba matepi anofananidzwa sei neiyo hydraulic setup?
Nepo a hydraulic setup haina chikanganiso kumota yevafambi, ine kushaya simba kwakasiyana mu-high-speed racing application. Pakunyanyisa RPMs, kukurumidza kuputika kwemafuta kunogona kukonzera kusimudza-mvura-kusimudza "kupomba" uye kubata mavharuvhu akazaruka, zvichiita kuti kuparara kunotyisa kwesimba. Kurwisa izvi, vavaki veinjini dzemujaho vanotsamira pane yakasimba chete tappets.
Zvokusimudza zvakasimba ndizvo chaizvo zvazvinonzwika—masilinda esimbi akasimba. Havagone kudonha kana kupomba pasi pekunetseka kwakanyanya. Uku kuomarara kunovimbisa vharuvhu inotevera iyo cam profile chaiyo, kunyangwe pa9,000 RPM. Izvi zvinodzivirira zvachose mamiriro ekuparadza zvakanyanya anozivikanwa se vharafu inoyangarara, uko vharafu inorema haingokwanisi kuvhara nekukurumidza kuti ienderane neinotenderera cam.
Zvakadaro, kumhanya zvinosimudza zvakasimba zvinoreva kubvuma mutoro unorema wekugadzirisa. Vanoda kazhinji, kungwarira manual tappet kugadzirisa. Mechanics anofanirwa kugara achivhura mavharuvhu evhavha uye kuyera nemuviri musiyano uripo pakati pe cam uye valve zvikamu zvekuona kuti inoramba iri mukati mefekitari yakatarwa.
Ibasa rei rinoitwa nemapushrods nerocker arm mumadhizaini ekare?
Kana ukaisa hood pamotokari yemhando yekuAmerica V8 tsandanyama, uri kutarisa chinyakare chepamusoro vharafu (OHV) pushrod injini. Muchigadziro ichi, imwe chete camshaft inovigwa zvakadzika mukati merima repakati peinjini block.
Nekuti camshaft iri kure kure nemavharuvhu ari kumusoro kwecylinder, injini inovimba nesimbi refu, isina simbi. pushrods kuvhara chinhambwe chikuru. Anosimudza anokwira cam mubhuroko, anosaidzira kusunda tsvimbo kumusoro, uye tsvimbo inonongedza rocker kumusoro kumusoro.
Vakuru ava valvetrains dzakasimba zvisingaite uye dzakasimba zvakasimba. Ivo vanogadzira yakakura-yekupedzisira torque. Nekudaro, ese aya anorema, anofamba simbi mativi anogadzira yakawanda valvetrain mass. Kufambisa heavy metal nekukurumidza kunoda simba, uye kuti huremu hwakawandisa hunodzikamisa zvakanyanya kukurumidza kweinjini yepushrod inogona kusimuka zvakachengeteka zvikamu zvinorema zvisati zvatanga kupfakanyika uye kubhuroka kusadzora.
Ko magadzirirwo epamusoro cam (OHC) anosiyana sei neachinyakare pushrod injini?
Kugadzirisa uremu dambudziko uye kuvhura yakakwira injini kumhanya, iyo indasitiri yemotokari yakachinjika yakananga kune pamusoro cam design. Nekudhonza camshaft kubva mubhuroko uye nekuiisa yakananga pamusoro pehumburumbira musoro, mainjiniya akabvisa kudiwa kweanorema pushrods.
Mune a single overhead cam (sohc) marongerwo, imwe chete camshaft inogara yakananga pamusoro pemavharuvhu, kazhinji inoshandisa diki rocker kumhanyisa mativi ese ekutora uye kupera. Mune imwe yepamusoro yepamusoro kaviri pamusoro cam (dohc) setup, kune maviri akapatsanurwa camshafts pacylinder bank-imwe chete yemavharuvhu ekutora uye imwe chete yeexhaust mavharuvhu.
Kubatsira kukuru kwe ohc uye zvakananga sohc uye dohc marongerwo ndiko kudzikiswa kukuru kwezvikamu zvinofamba. The distance between the camshaft uye valve ipfupi zvisingaite. Mukuita zvakananga cam injini, iyo lobe inodzvanya yakananga pasi pamaitiro ebhaketi cam muteveri iyo inogara zvakananga pamusoro pehunde yevharuvhu. Iyi yekupedzisira-yakareruka, yakaomesesa setup inobvumira mota dzemazuvano dzemitambo kuridza 8,000 RPM nekuvimbika kusina mhosva.
Kana iwe uine mudhudhudhu kana muchina wepamusoro-soro une zvinosimudza zvakasimba, kuita a tappet kugadzirisa unyanzvi hunosungirwa. Chinangwa ndechekuisa zvakakwana gap kuitira kuti kana injini ichipisa, kujekesa kunovhara kusvika pedyo ne zero pasina kusunga.
Kutanga, iwe unofanirwa kutenderedza iyo huru crankshaft neruoko kusvika iyo chaiyo piston uri kushanda pakusvika Top Dead Center (tdc) pairi compression sitiroko. At tdc, mavharuvhu ose ari maviri akavharwa zvachose, uye musimudzi akazorora pa flat, base denderedzwa recam. Iyi ndiyo chete nzvimbo yakachengeteka yekuyera gap.
Tevere, iwe unotora simbi yakatetepa, yakatsetseka-pasi yekuyeresa simbi inonzi a feeler gauge. Iwe unotsvedza iyo feeler yakatwasuka pakati pemuromo wevharuvhu neiyo actuating rocker. Inofanira kutsvedza nepakati zvishoma, inotsvedzerera kukweva kuramba. Kana a feeler guage inonzwa yakasununguka zvakanyanya kana kusunga zvachose, gwapa harina kunaka.
Kana uchida gadzirisa tappet, unowanzotora zvishoma chipanera, sunungura nati inokiyiwa parocker, uye shandura pakati nepakati adjuster screw kusvikira clearance inopindirana nefekitari chaiyo spec.
Haasi ese akasimba ekusimudza anoshandisa iri nyore shinda yakagadziriswa screw. Mazhinji e-high-revving direct-acting overhead cam engines anoshandisa zvinosimudza bhakiti zvakasimba. Mugadziriro iyi, ku gadzirisa valve clearance, unofanira kuchinja muviri ukobvu kwediki simbi disc inonzi a shim.
The shim anogara zvakananga pamusoro pebhakiti kana pasi payo, achizorora pahunde yevharuvhu. Kana kuyerwa kwako kuchiratidza clearance yakanyanyisa, unofanira kubvisa iripo shim woitsiva neinoti nhete.
Kuchinjanisa shim idzi kazhinji kunoda a special tool kudzvanya zvitubu zvinorema pasi kuti unyatso kudzura shimu nemagnet. Inonetesa, ine masvomhu zvikuru. Unofanira kunyatsoyera shim yekare, kuverenga mutsauko unodiwa, uye woisa itsva. Nekudaro, kana yaiswa, shim-pasi-bucket dhizaini yakagadzikana zvinoshamisa uye haiwanzo kubuda mukugadziriswa.
Chii chinoitika panguva yekupindirana kwevharuvhu pakati pekupinza uye kupera simba?
Injini nguva mutambo wakaoma unoshamisa, unomhanya-mhanya. Pane inguva pfupi, yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya apo iyo piston inosvika pamusoro pehumburumbira pamagumo e exhaust sitiroko, apo ese ari maviri inlet valve uye kubuda vharafu vanomanikidzwa kuvhurwa panguva imwe chete.
Ichi chikamu chesekondi chinonzi kupindirana kwevharuvhu. Sei uchida kuti mavharuvhu maviri avhurwe kamwechete? Izvo zvine zvese zvine chekuita neiyo fluid dynamics. Iko kukurumidza kubuda inopisa exhaust magasi anoita vacuum ine simba shure kwavo. Uku kutsvaira kunobatsira chaizvo kusveta musanganiswa, unotonhora wemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa nepachena inlet port, kuzadza silinda zvakanyanya zvakanyanya.
Chitubu chakatakurwa poppet vharafu inobata izvi zvakanaka. Nekudaro, mamwe ekunze eItaly superbikes anoitora danho rinoenderera nekushandisa zvakanyanya kuomarara desmodromic mavharuvhu. A desmodromic system inoshandisa yechipiri, yakatsaurirwa rocker ruoko kudhonza vharavhavhavha ichivharika, kubvisa zvachose zvitubu uye kuvimbisa zvachose kuti vharafu inovhara chaizvo kana cam yaraira, kubvisa zvachose chero mukana wekuyangarara.
Funga nezve kushushikana kukuru kwemagetsi kunoitika mukati mehumburumbira musoro. Iyo refu, yakatetepa simbi vharuvhu inofanira kutsvedza ichikwira nekudzika mamirioni enguva isina kumbodonhedza kana donhwe rimwe remafuta kana kurasikirwa nekudzika kwayo. Iyo ndarira kana ndarira gwara revhavha iyo inotsvedza nepakati inofanira kugadzirwa kune microscopic, kushivirira kusina mhosva.
Zvigaro zvesimbi zvakatenderedzwa uko mavharuvhu anovharika kuti avhare humburumbira inofanira kunyatsoenderana nekona yechiso chevharuvhu. Kana dzikadzimwa nechidimbu chedhigirii, magasi anopisa anobatidza simbi ipapo ipapo. Apa ndipo chaipo panogadzirwa CNC yepamusoro uye premium yekucheka maturusi anova magamba akakwana eindastiri yemotokari.
PaDrillstar, tinogadzira maturusi akapinza, akaomarara anodiwa kuvaka izvi zvinoshamisa zvemazuva ano. Kana mugadziri weinjini achifanira kuburitsa gomba risina gwapa revharuvhu, vanovimba nesuModular Indexable Reamers (Yakakwirira-chaiyo Boring & Reaming Zvishandiso) kuwana girazi-sekupedzisa. Sezvinongoita tenzi makanika anotsamira pane chaiyo shim kuseta yakakwana tappet clearance, mafekitari emotokari anovimba nemidziyo yedu yakasimba yecarbide kuvimbisa kuti camshaft inotenderera zvakasununguka uye iyo injini anofema zvisingaite.
Pfupiso: Makiyi Ekutora eMastering Valvetrain Mechanics
Kunzwisisa hutsinye, high-speed mechanics mukati memota inokupa ruremekedzo rwakadzama rwechizvino-zvino engineering nekugadzira. Heano pfungwa dzakanyanya kukosha dzekurangarira:
- The Middleman: The tappet inoshanda seyakakosha, isingapfekere buffer pakati pehasha inotenderera cam uye yese yevhavhatrain.
- Kuwedzera Kupisa: Nekuti simbi dzinokura zvakanyanya kana dzichipisa, dzichichengeta zvakakodzera valve clearance chinhu chinodiwa zvachose kudzivirira mavharuvhu akapiswa uye akarasika compression.
- Zero Maintenance: Hydraulic lifters shandisa zvine hungwaru kudzvanyirirwa oiri yeinjini kuchengetedza otomatiki zero lash, kubvisa kudiwa kwe manually gadzirisa valve.
- Racing Rigidity: Injini dzepamusoro-soro dzinoda zvekusimudza zvakasimba kudzivirira zvachose njodzi vharafu inoyangarara panguva yakanyanyisa RPMs.
- Kuderedza uremu: Kufamba kubva kunorema pushrod dhizaini kuenda kune yazvino pamusoro cam setups inoderedza zvakanyanya kufamba, zvichibvumira mota kuti idzoke nekukurumidza.
- Precision ndizvo zvese: Kana uchinyatsotsvedza a feeler gauge pakati a cam uye valve kana kushandisa advanced CNC yekucheka maturusi kubereka a gwara revhavha, kunyatsojeka kunorayira kubudirira.
Nekutora nguva yekunyatsonzwisisa maitiro vhura vharuvhu zvinobudirira uye nguva yekuzviita gadzirisa tappet nemazvo, unoita shuwa kuti muchina wako unorema unoburitsa yakanyanya simba rebhiza, kuvimbika kwekupedzisira, uye hupenyu hurefu, hune pundutso sevhisi.
