Iyo moteri ikora, ihumeka umwuka mwiza kandi ikirukana imyuka ishyushye inshuro ibihumbi buri munota umwe. Symphony ya mashini igenzura uku guhumeka izwi nka Gariyamoshi. Iyi ngingo irakwiriye rwose kuyisoma kuko kumenya ubukanishi bwa valvetrain biguha inyungu nini mugupima no kubungabunga. Mugusobanukirwa uburyo bwiza Hindura ibice no kumenya itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati yikintu gikomeye kandi cyuzuye amazi, urashobora kwirinda gusenyuka guhenze kandi ugakomeza imashini zawe gukora kubwinyungu nyinshi.
Tappet niki muri moteri yaka imbere?
Niba usenye moteri ya moteri isanzwe, uzasangamo umurongo wibikombe bito, bya silindrike. A. tappet, ari nacyo bita kenshi a guterura cyangwa a Kamera, ni umuhuza wo hagati muburyo bwa valvetrain yubatswe. Yicaye neza imbere ya bore ikozwe neza iherereye muri moteri ya moteri cyangwa Umutwe.
Akazi kambere ka tappet nugukomeza kandi neza kurikira ingamiya uko izunguruka. Nka shusho ya eccentric ya kamera izunguruka, tappet igendera kumurongo wacyo. Tappet ifata uruziga ruzunguruka hanyuma igahita ihindura umurongo, hejuru-hasi. Hatariho ibi bintu biramba bidasanzwe bikora nka buffer, guterana gukabije kunyerera ya kamera izunguruka byihuse byangiza ibyuma byoroshye mubindi bice.
Kubera ko hejuru ya tappet ahura nimyambarire idasanzwe, mubisanzwe birakomera cyangwa bikozwe mubikoresho bidashobora kwihanganira kwambara. Mubyukuri, iyo dukora ibikoresho byihariye byo gukata kuri Drillstar, nka Sima ya Carbide Shyiramo, dukoresha amahame amwe ya metallurgiki yubukomezi bukabije kugirango tumenye ko igikoresho gisohora ibikoresho byangiza.
Nigute kamera ikora gari ya moshi isigaye?
Inzira zose zo guhumeka zitangirira hepfo ya moteri hamwe nuburemere crankshaft. Nka crankshaft izunguruka, ikoresha umukandara wigihe kinini cyangwa urunigi rwicyuma kugirango utware shaft. Kuruhande rwurwo rufunzo hari ibibyimba byinshi bimeze nkamagi azwi nka lobes. Buri kimwe cam lobe ni imibare yagenewe kugenzura neza iyo silinderi runaka ihumeka.
Nkuko igiti kizunguruka, kirasohoka lobe asunika bikabije mumaso ya tappet. Mubishushanyo bishaje bya pushrod, tappet ihatira icyuma kirekire gusunika inkoni hejuru. Uku kuzamuka gusunika inkoni hanyuma agashiramo icyuma ukuboko. Uruhande rutandukanye rwa ukuboko guhindagurika no gukanda cyane kuri hejuru yikibaho.
Izi mbaraga zimanuka zigomba kuba zikomeye bihagije kugirango zihoshe uburemere, zishyizwe hamwe isoko ya valve no gusunika kumubiri gakondo poppet Imiterere indanga fungura. Iyo impinga ya kamera imaze kuzenguruka hejuru ya tappet, ingufu nini zabitswe muri isoko ya valve bikabije gufata valve yongeye gufunga, bifunga neza icyumba cyaka. Kugira ngo bigende neza Kora uru ruhererekane neza kuri 6.000 RPM rusaba gutunganya utagira inenge.
Ni ukubera iki gukuraho neza neza valve ari ngombwa cyane?
Ubushyuhe buhindura ibintu byose mubukanishi. Iyo moteri yaka kandi ikagera ku bushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora, ubushyuhe bwinshi butera ibice byicyuma kwaguka kumubiri. Uwiteka silinderi, indanga, na blok zose zikura mubunini. Niba injeniyeri yubatse valvetrain ifite icyuho cya zeru mugihe moteri yari ikonje, uku kwaguka kwamashanyarazi kwatera ibice guhambira cyane.
Niba nta cyumba gisigaye kugirango icyuma cyaguke, ibice byagutse bizajya bifata valve ifunguye gato nubwo byateganijwe gufungwa burundu. Uku gutakaza kashe ifunze ihita isenya moteri kwikuramo. Ikirushijeho kuba kibi, imyuka yaka cyane izatwika inzira irenga icyuho gito, gutwika umwobo unyuze ku nkombe za Umuyoboro.
Kugira ngo ukumire iki cyago, abakanishi basize akantu gato, kabaruwe mu guhuza. Iki cyuho cyingenzi cyitwa indangantego. Kugumana intungane kuboneza ni ishingiro ryuzuye ryibisanzwe gufata neza ibinyabiziga. Niba byemewe irakomeye cyane, utwika valve. Ibinyuranye, niba i byemewe irekuye cyane, ibice byukuri inyundo irwanya undi. Iyi miterere irekuye itera uburakari, bwihuse urusaku kandi biganisha ku kwambara gukabije, imburagihe ku maso ya kamera.
Kuzamura hydraulic ni iki, kandi nigute bigabanya gufata neza ibinyabiziga?
Kugira ngo ukureho imirimo iruhije yo guhora uhindura amaboko ukoresheje intoki, injeniyeri nziza zavumbuye kuzamura hydraulic. A. tappet ya hydraulic ikoresha moteri ya moteri itanga amavuta kugirango ihite kandi ikomeza gufata ubunebwe muri sisitemu.
Imbere mu mubiri wa a tappet ya hydraulic, hari akantu gato piston y'imbere hamwe n'inzira imwe yo kugenzura valve. Iyo kamera izunguruka igakuramo umuvuduko kuri lift, amavuta ya moteri yihuta yinjira imbere. Ibi umuvuduko w'amazi pompe piston y'imbere hejuru kugeza ibyangiritse byose bishize.
Kuberako amashanyarazi ya hydraulic guhuza imbaraga nimpinduka zubushyuhe no kwambara kumubiri, bikomeza neza zeru Kumashanyarazi igihe cyose. Amazi ya Hydraulic kora imashini ituje neza, ikora neza kandi ikureho burundu ibikenewe kugirango uhindurwe nintoki. Mubisanzwe umushoferi wa buri munsi, iyi "iyishyireho kandi uyibagirwe" kwizerwa ni umukino uhindura rwose.
Nigute intoki zikomeye zigereranya na hydraulic setup?
Mugihe a hydraulic gushiraho ntamakemwa kumodoka itwara abagenzi, ifite intege nke zitandukanye mubikorwa byihuta byo kwiruka. Kuri RPM ikabije, guhita byihuta byamavuta birashobora gutuma umuterura wuzuye amazi "upompa" kandi ugafungura valve, bigatuma habaho gutakaza ingufu zikomeye. Kurwanya ibi, abubaka moteri yubwoko bashingira gusa kubikomeye Tappets.
Guterura bikomeye nibyo rwose bisa-silinderi ikomeye. Ntibishobora gusenyuka cyangwa kuvoma munsi yumubabaro ukabije. Uku gukomera kwemeza ko valve ikurikiza umwirondoro wa kamera neza, ndetse no kuri 9000 RPM. Ibi birinda rwose ibintu byangiza cyane bizwi nka valve ireremba, aho valve iremereye ntishobora gufunga byihuse kugirango ukomeze hamwe na kamera izunguruka.
Ariko, gukora ibyuma bizamura bisobanura kwemera umutwaro uremereye wo kubungabunga. Birasaba kenshi, byitondewe imfashanyigisho Guhindura tappet. Abakanishi bagomba guhora bafungura igifuniko cya valve kandi bagapima intera iri hagati ya cam na valve ibice kugirango byemeze ko biguma mubisobanuro byuruganda.
Ni uruhe ruhare pushrods n'ukuboko kwa rocker bigira mubishushanyo bishaje?
Niba ushyize hood kumodoka ya kera ya V8 yo muri Amerika ya V8, urareba moteri gakondo yo hejuru (OHV) moteri ya pushrod. Muri iyi miterere, imwe camshaft yashyinguwe hasi imbere imbere yijimye hagati ya moteri.
Kuberako kamashaft iherereye kure cyane yimibande iherereye mumutwe wa silinderi, moteri yishingikiriza ibyuma birebire, bidafite umwobo Pushrods kurenga intera nini. Uterura atwara kamera hasi muri blok, asunika u gusunika inkoni hejuru, hamwe n'inkoni inama rocker hejuru.
Aba bakuru indanga ni ibintu bidasanzwe kandi bizwi cyane. Zibyara urumuri runini rwo hasi. Nyamara, ibyo bice byose biremereye, byimuka bikora ibyuma byinshi bya valvetrain. Kwimura ibyuma biremereye bisaba imbaraga byihuse, kandi iyo misa irenze urugero igabanya cyane uburyo moteri ya pushrod ishobora kwihuta neza mbere yuko ibice biremereye bitangira guhindagurika no kuva hanze.
Nigute igishushanyo mbonera cya kamera (OHC) gitandukanye na moteri ya pushrod gakondo?
Kugirango ukemure ikibazo cyuburemere no gufungura umuvuduko mwinshi wa moteri, inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zerekeje kuri hejuru igishushanyo. Mugukuramo kamera mumashanyarazi hanyuma ukayashyira hejuru yumutwe wa silinderi, abajenjeri bavanyeho gukenera gusunika cyane.
Muri a kamera imwe (sohc) imiterere, kamera imwe imwe yicaye hejuru yimibande, mubisanzwe ukoresheje akantu rocker Gukora impande zombi zifata kandi zinaniza. Muburyo bugezweho bubiri hejuru ya kamera (dohc.
Inyungu nini ya ohc na byumwihariko sohc na dohc imiterere nigabanuka rikabije mubice byimuka. Intera iri hagati ya kamashaft na valve ni mugufi bidasanzwe. Mu buryo butaziguye moteri ya kamera, lobe ikanda hasi kumurongo windobo Kamera iyicara hejuru yikibaho. Iyi ultra-yoroheje, igoye ituma imodoka za siporo zigezweho zisakuza 8000 RPM zizewe kandi zitagira inenge.
Niba ufite ipikipiki cyangwa imashini ikora cyane hamwe na lift ikomeye, ikora a Guhindura tappet ni ubuhanga buteganijwe. Intego nugushiraho neza icyuho kugirango moteri ishyushye, gusiba bisanzwe bifunga hafi zeru nta guhambira.
Ubwa mbere, ugomba kuzenguruka igikonjo nyamukuru ukoresheje intoki kugeza igihe cyihariye piston urimo gukora kugera kuri Top Dead Centre (tdc) kuri kwikuramo inkorora. Kuri tdc, indangagaciro zombi zifunze burundu, kandi umuterura aruhukiye kumurongo, uruziga shingiro rwa kamera. Nibibanza byonyine byizewe byo gupima icyuho.
Ibikurikira, ufata igikoresho cyoroshye, cyuzuye-cyuma gipima ibyuma byitwa a igipimo cyerekana. Uranyerera umva igororotse hagati yisonga rya valve na rocker ikora. Igomba kunyerera hamwe na bike, byoroshye gukurura. Niba a guage yumva arekuye cyangwa arahambiriye rwose, icyuho ni kibi.
Niba ubikeneye Hindura tappet, mubisanzwe ufata akantu wrench, fungura ibinyomoro bifunga kuri rocker, hanyuma uhindure urudodo rwagati umukoresha screw kugeza i byemewe bihuye n'uruganda rwose ing.
Ntabwo byose bizamura ibyuma bifashisha umugozi woroshye. Imashini nyinshi zivugurura cyane-zikora hejuru ya moteri ikoresha kamera ikomeye. Muri iyi Gushiraho, Kuri Hindura gusiba, ugomba guhindura muburyo bugaragara ubunini bwa disiki ntoya yitwa a shim.
Uwiteka shim yicaye haba hejuru yindobo cyangwa munsi yacyo, kuruhukira kumurongo wa valve. Niba igipimo cyawe cyerekana byemewe irakomeye cyane, ugomba gukuraho ibihari shim hanyuma uyisimbuze iyoroheje gato.
Guhinduranya shim akenshi bisaba a igikoresho kidasanzwe kugirango ugabanye kumubiri kumasoko aremereye kugirango ubashe gukuramo witonze shim ukoresheje magneti. Ninzira irambiranye, imibare cyane. Ugomba gupima witonze shim ishaje, kubara itandukaniro rikenewe, hanyuma ugashyiraho bundi bushya. Ariko, iyo bimaze gushyirwaho, shim-munsi-indobo igishushanyo kirahagaze neza kandi gake ntigishobora guhinduka.
Bigenda bite mugihe cya valve ihuzagurika hagati ya inlet na stroke?
Igihe cya moteri ni imbyino ikomeye cyane, yihuta. Hariho igihe gito cyane, cyashizweho cyane mugihe iyo piston yegera hejuru ya silinderi kumpera ya umunaniro inkoni, aho byombi inlet indanga na Umuyoboro bahatirwa gufungura mugihe kimwe.
Iki gice cyihariye cyisegonda cyitwa indanga. Kuki wifuza ko valve zombi zifungura icyarimwe? Ifite ibintu byose bijyanye na fluid dinamike. Gusohoka vuba vuba umunaniro imyuka itera icyuho gikomeye inyuma yabo. Izi ngaruka zo guswera zifasha muburyo bwo kwonka imvange nshya, ikonje ya peteroli ivanze neza inlet icyambu, kuzuza silinderi neza cyane.
Imigenzo gakondo yuzuye poppet valve ikora neza. Nyamara, superbike zidasanzwe zo mubutaliyani zitera indi ntera ukoresheje ibintu bigoye cyane indangagaciro. Sisitemu ya desmodromique ikoresha ukuboko kwa kabiri, kwiyegurira amabuye ya rocker kugirango ikurure umubiri wafunze, ikuraho burundu amasoko kandi yemeza rwose ko valve ifunga neza mugihe kamera yabitegetse, bikuraho burundu amahirwe yose yo kureremba.
Reba imihangayiko ikomeye yibera imbere mumutwe wa silinderi. Umuyoboro muremure, woroshye wibyuma ugomba kunyerera hejuru no kumanuka miriyoni inshuro zose utarigeze usohora igitonyanga na kimwe cyamavuta cyangwa ngo utakaze neza. Umuringa cyangwa umuringa indangantego iranyerera igomba gutunganywa kuri microscopique, kwihanganira kutagira inenge.
Intebe zumuzingi zicara aho valve ikubita kugirango ifunge silinderi igomba guhuza neza nu mfuruka yisura ya valve. Niba zazimye nigice gito cya dogere, imyuka ishyushye izahita itwika ibyuma. Aha niho rwose ibikoresho bya CNC byateye imbere nibikoresho byo guca premium bihinduka intwari zuzuye zinganda zitwara ibinyabiziga.
Kuri Drillstar, dukora injeniyeri zidasanzwe, zikomeye zisabwa kugirango twubake ibitangaza bigezweho. Iyo uruganda rukora moteri rukeneye gukuramo umwobo utagira inenge, uyobora ibyacuModular Indexable Reamers (High-Precision Boring & Reaming Tool) kugirango ugere ku ndorerwamo isa no kurangiza. Nkuko umukanishi kabuhariwe yishingikiriza shim isobanutse kugirango ashyireho neza tappet, inganda zitwara ibinyabiziga zishingiye kubikoresho bikomeye bya karbide kugirango twemeze ko camshaft kuzunguruka mu bwisanzure na moteri ahumeka bitagoranye.
Incamake: Ibyingenzi byingenzi byo Kumenya ubukanishi bwa Valvetrain
Gusobanukirwa nubukanishi bwubugome, bwihuta imbere muri moteri biguha icyubahiro cyinshi mubuhanga bugezweho ninganda. Dore ingingo zingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka:
- Umuhuza: Uwiteka tappet ikora nkibyingenzi, birinda kwambara hagati ya kamera izunguruka hamwe na valvetrain isigaye.
- Kwagura ubushyuhe: Kuberako ibyuma byaguka cyane iyo bishyushye, bikomeza neza indangantego nikintu gikenewe rwose kugirango wirinde indiba yatwitse kandi yatakaye kwikuramo.
- Kubungabunga Zeru: Amazi ya Hydraulic koresha neza gukoresha moteri ya moteri kugirango uhite ugumana zeru, ukuraho ibikenewe imfashanyigisholy Hindura.
- Irushanwa Rigidity: Moteri zivugurura cyane zisaba kuzamura bikomeye kugirango birinde burundu akaga valve ireremba kuri RPM ikabije.
- Kugabanya ibiro: Kwimuka uva mubishushanyo biremereye bigezweho bigezweho hejuru gushiraho bigabanya cyane misa igenda, ituma moteri ivugurura vuba vuba.
- Icyitonderwa ni Byose: Niba urimo kunyerera witonze a igipimo cyerekana hagati ya a cam na valve cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho bya CNC byo gutema bore a indangantego, ubusobanuro bwuzuye butegeka gutsinda.
Mugufata umwanya wo gusobanukirwa neza nuburyo bwo fungura valve neza nigihe cyo Hindura tappet neza, uremeza ko imashini zawe ziremereye zitanga imbaraga zingana cyane, kwizerwa bihebuje, hamwe nubuzima burebure, bwunguka.
